Yoko Iyieri PhD Thesis - Research@StAndrews:FullText - University ...

Figurative negation
me/not I ne me.. .notl not I - I Totalsl
lnever,no I - + I I + I I
Figurative negation I
IPM(Larnb)l I I I I I
I.i (Trin)l I I I I I
IPM(Dgb) I I I I I I
IO&N I 2 I I I I 2 I
KU I I I I I I I
ISEL 41 1[ 9 I I 141
ITotals of 6 I 1 9 I 16 I
I Group 1 (37.5%) (6.3%) (56.3%) I I I
IHavelok I 1 I 2 I 3 I 6 I
IG&E I I I I I I I
Iws I I I I I I I
IFerumbrasi 2 I I 3 I 5 I 2 I 12 I
IKA I 3 I I I I I 3 I
I I I I I I
Totals ofl 6 I I 5 I 8 I 2 I 21 I
I Group 2 I (28.6%)I I (23.8%)I (38.1%)I (9.5%)I I
IEMH I I I I 1 I I 1 I
CM I I I I I I I
CA 1 I I I 4 I I 5 I
IHS I I I I 1 I I 1 I
IGGK I I I I 1 I I 1 I
IAMA I I I I I I I
I 1)1' I I I I I I I
ISMA __________ ___________ I I
ITotals ofl 1 I I 7 I I 8 I
I Group 3 (12.5%) _________ I (87.5%) I I I
I
Cf. The whole sample of Groups 1, 2, and 3
I Group 1 I 675 I 924 1 505 1 16 ) 44 ) 2164
I I (31.2%)I (42.7%)f (23.3%)1 (0.7%)1 (2.0%)1
I Group 2 I 566 I 655 I 295 253 434 I 2203 I
I I (25.7%)I (29.7%)I (13.4%)I (11.5%)l (19.7%)I
I Group 3 I 424 I 137 I 112 I 1639 I 2704 I 5016 I
I I (8.5%)I (2.7%)I (2.2%)I (32.7%H (53.9%)I
As far as the above table is concerned, ne ... not arid not are indeed
employed more corn monly than in the whole sample of clausal negation.
It is a striking feature, for example, that more than half the relevant
examples in Group 1 (56.3%) present the adverb not in the light of
the relatively infrequent occurrence of the adverb not in the overall
sample of the group. Similarly, ne ... not and/or not are common in
Groups 2 and 3 as well. The emphatic nature of this type of
expression therefore conforms to the patterning of negation.
It is, however, rather unusual that a condition which favours the
use of ne ... and not rather than ne tends not to include never,
no, etc. even when the adverb not is not involved. The employment
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