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Yoko Iyieri PhD Thesis - Research@StAndrews:FullText - University ...

Yoko Iyieri PhD Thesis - Research@StAndrews:FullText - University ...

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Negative constructions in KA are, however, remarkably conservative<br />

for this date. As far as ne, ne ... not, and not are concerned, most<br />

relevant examples include the adverb ne on the one hand, while on<br />

the other hand the adverb not occurs only occasionally. As a matter<br />

of fact, the employment of ne ... not and not are so limited that their<br />

examples tend to be attested in some specific conditions. 29 examples<br />

of ne ... not include fourteen instances of imperative clauses and/or<br />

clauses with the inverted word order, as illustrated below:<br />

Lordynges, ne beer nouth anguisshous,<br />

Pei3 3ee habbej' 3oure frendes ylore (1654-5)<br />

Bot he be ful wel ytau3tte,<br />

Wijouten skorne ne passej he nou3th! (3137-8)<br />

Furthermore, 22 instances of not alone also include eight examples of<br />

imperative clauses and/or clauses with the inverted word order. For<br />

exam pie:<br />

'Dame' he seide, 'be Jou nou3t looj'--<br />

Jch am ycome to telle Je sooj" (227-8)<br />

Mi3th he nou3th dure for e hate (576).<br />

That not is less frequent than ne ... not also indicates the<br />

conservative nature of this text, although the difference between the<br />

frequencies of ne ... not and not is not particularly large.<br />

Another conservative feature is also attested in clauses with<br />

never, no, etc. Most examples of never, no, etc. still occur together<br />

with ne, while those which have undergone the disappearance of ne<br />

account for only about one fourth of the relevant examples. The<br />

preservation of ne is, in fact, more pronounced with clauses with<br />

never, no, etc. than clauses with not. This may be a feature typical<br />

of conservative texts. It has notably been attested in WS (see (8)<br />

above) and Ferumbras (see (10) above), both of which are relatively<br />

conservative for their dates.<br />

The date of KA is more or less as late as the proposed date of<br />

65

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