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Hacking the Xbox

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146<br />

<strong>Hacking</strong> <strong>the</strong> <strong>Xbox</strong>: An Introduction to Reverse Engineering<br />

<strong>the</strong>re was insufficient time to analyze <strong>the</strong> system for weaknesses. Ei<strong>the</strong>r<br />

that, or Microsoft knew about <strong>the</strong> TEA weakness and designed this back<br />

door into <strong>the</strong> system to mitigate <strong>the</strong> risk of locking <strong>the</strong>ir FBL into<br />

silicon. It seems ra<strong>the</strong>r doubtful that Microsoft intentionally included this<br />

back door, since modifying <strong>the</strong> MCPX silicon is a very expensive<br />

proposition (although <strong>the</strong> expense ended up on nVidia’s books). On <strong>the</strong><br />

o<strong>the</strong>r hand, complexity is hard to avoid. My advisor at MIT, Tom<br />

Knight, once told me, “There are two kinds of designs in this world:<br />

those that are useful, and those that you can formally prove to be<br />

correct.” To some extent, <strong>the</strong> only way to ensure <strong>the</strong> security of a realworld<br />

system is to make its details open (no security through obscurity!)<br />

and subject <strong>the</strong> system to analysis from all angles. In a way, a thorough<br />

analysis of <strong>Xbox</strong> security is being conducted at no expense to Microsoft,<br />

thanks to <strong>the</strong> hacker community.<br />

Profile: Andy Green (continued)<br />

I was working for in <strong>the</strong> same light.<br />

It was after this that I read about bunnie's hack on Slashdot. I<br />

read about bunnie's methods with some tart emotions. My<br />

main thoughts were that this was something that I could have<br />

done, since I have been using <strong>the</strong> FPGAs that bunnie used<br />

since 1989, admiration for <strong>the</strong> conciseness of <strong>the</strong> attack, and<br />

dismay with myself that I had not been doing something equally<br />

cool and interesting — and that matched with my philosophical<br />

predilictions — with my time. Instead I was sitting <strong>the</strong>re<br />

reading Slashdot, drinking coffee, contributing nothing. (An<br />

aside, I think this is a fairly common experience for many<br />

Slashdot readers, to be a little jealous and challenged when<br />

<strong>the</strong>y read about someone else's cool hacks. I think it explains<br />

<strong>the</strong> constant background noise <strong>the</strong>re of jeering and questioning<br />

why someone would want to do such a thing.)<br />

Over <strong>the</strong> next few weeks I ga<strong>the</strong>red as much information as I<br />

could on <strong>the</strong> internals of <strong>the</strong> <strong>Xbox</strong>; <strong>Xbox</strong>hacker.net was crucial<br />

for this. It’s also where I met Michael Steil as <strong>the</strong> <strong>Xbox</strong><br />

Linux project was starting. Pretty soon I was able to identify<br />

interesting projects that I could contribute to, for example<br />

<strong>the</strong> Milksop project. Again from this, with Surferdude's help, it<br />

became possible for me to put toge<strong>the</strong>r <strong>the</strong> very first clean<br />

ROM which was able to boot and keep up <strong>the</strong> <strong>Xbox</strong> without<br />

being reset. This later became <strong>the</strong> basis of <strong>the</strong> crom<br />

1MB Linux and cromwell, <strong>the</strong> <strong>Xbox</strong> Linux clean ROM. After<br />

<strong>the</strong> initial hacks and designs, I decided to work almost entirely<br />

towards <strong>the</strong> <strong>Xbox</strong> Linux goal.<br />

Can you tell us why you hack <strong>the</strong> <strong>Xbox</strong>?<br />

Why? Everyone has different reasons, but for me it was my<br />

comprehension of Microsoft's outrageous antitrust behaviour<br />

— deny everything, appeal everything, delay everything,<br />

and in <strong>the</strong> meanwhile, create and dump (for <strong>the</strong>y are sold<br />

at below cost) on <strong>the</strong> market millions of Microsoft-only PCs<br />

— <strong>the</strong> <strong>Xbox</strong>. Since our representatives here in Europe and<br />

<strong>the</strong> U.S. don't seem to care (perhaps, as was <strong>the</strong> case recently<br />

in <strong>the</strong> EU, because <strong>the</strong>y plan to go work for Microsoft<br />

(continued)

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