90 Understanding Spelling Difficulties This brings me to yet another questi<strong>on</strong> which was given to me yesterday and which can be dealt with in this c<strong>on</strong>text. The questi<strong>on</strong> was: Why is it that some children have such tremendous difficulties in learning how to spell correctly? Well, any<strong>on</strong>e who studies Goethe’s spelling or that of other great men, may gain a peculiar impressi<strong>on</strong>, <strong>for</strong> many a great pers<strong>on</strong>ality appears anything but sure of correct spelling. Obviously this must not tempt us to think that any bad speller in our class may be a budding genius and that there<strong>for</strong>e we must not interfere with such a child. Naturally, this would be an entirely wr<strong>on</strong>g reacti<strong>on</strong>…. The teacher, above all, should endeavor to speak not <strong>on</strong>ly distinctly, but also with a rhythmical and harm<strong>on</strong>ious flow . . . it is very necessary <strong>for</strong> him to cultivate the habit of living himself into each syllable and pr<strong>on</strong>ouncing it clearly. In less<strong>on</strong>s he should ask his pupils to repeat his sentences accurately, giving full value to each syllable, and with the right feeling <strong>for</strong> flow and int<strong>on</strong>ati<strong>on</strong>. Such practice of clear and well-<strong>for</strong>med speaking will certainly lead to an improvement in spelling. This is another example showing that what needs to be lifted up into the sphere of c<strong>on</strong>sciousness from the unc<strong>on</strong>scious regi<strong>on</strong>s below, from the regi<strong>on</strong>s of sleep and dream <strong>for</strong> the unc<strong>on</strong>scious realm is that of sleep should not be artificially imposed up<strong>on</strong> the child by extraneous methods. On what does the faculty of listening depend? Psychology does not usually <strong>for</strong>mulate this questi<strong>on</strong>. You see, at night we go to sleep and in the morning we wake up again, and from our own experience we know that during sleep our memory is blotted out. What happens to us during the hours of sleep is not known to ordinary science. But when you listen, the inner c<strong>on</strong>diti<strong>on</strong> of your soul is no different from what it is while you are asleep. On the other hand, when you are listening, there is a c<strong>on</strong>stant interplay between your being outside yourself and within yourself. It is of great importance to be aware of this undulating activity of the soul. When I listen I am given up to the external world. But there are always the other moments, too, in which I wake up. Without these, hearing al<strong>on</strong>e would be of no use. While listening, a c<strong>on</strong>tinuous process is going <strong>on</strong> of waking up and going to sleep even in the so-called waking state. A perpetual interplay takes place between waking up and falling asleep so that during sleep our memory is blotted out. This means that, ultimately, our entire intercourse with the world rests <strong>on</strong> this faculty of being able to enter into an outer situati<strong>on</strong> or, if I may express it somewhat paradoxically, ‘to fall asleep into what comes from outside.’ After all, what else is listening to a c<strong>on</strong>versati<strong>on</strong> than to ‘sleep <strong>on</strong>eself’ into the c<strong>on</strong>tent of the c<strong>on</strong>versati<strong>on</strong>? On the other hand, the listener’s comprehensi<strong>on</strong> of what is said is a kind of waking up. This is how it is. But it also means that we should not attempt to appeal to the c<strong>on</strong>scious regi<strong>on</strong> of the child when, in fact, the unc<strong>on</strong>scious sphere, the sphere of sleeping or dreaming is the relevant <strong>on</strong>e. This is the reas<strong>on</strong> why we should refrain from teaching spelling by using artificial means. Rather should we speak every word distinctly, then ask the child to repeat it be<strong>for</strong>e he writes it down. In this way we will help him towards better spelling. We can take it <strong>for</strong> granted that where there is bad spelling, there is bad listening. There<strong>for</strong>e the main task is to improve the pupil’s faculty of listening which is seated in the unc<strong>on</strong>scious sphere, rather than our laboring with what bel<strong>on</strong>gs to the opposite sphere of c<strong>on</strong>sciousness. [Spelling is easier in German than in <strong>English</strong>. In German, spelling is almost entirely ph<strong>on</strong>etic] Renewal of Educati<strong>on</strong>, Kolisko Archives (145-147) The Development of Spelling after Puberty If you ask how to awaken the memory <strong>for</strong> correct spelling, my answer would be that you need to observe the differences in human strengths during the three periods of human life, that is, until the change of teeth, until puberty, and then after puberty until the age of twenty. You need to develop a sense <strong>for</strong> observing these three periods of life and the differences in the specific <strong>for</strong>ces of life that develop. Then you will notice that people who, until the age of fifteen, have absolutely no sense of correct spelling or correct grammar will develop it if they are treated in the way I just menti<strong>on</strong>ed. If you draw their attenti<strong>on</strong> to the rhythm of the language, they will develop this sense out of the depths of their souls after the age of fifteen.
This is why it would be totally inappropriate to keep children who have well-developed talents from progressing through the grades simply because they do not dem<strong>on</strong>strate any particular talent <strong>for</strong> grammar. If you look at what Goethe wrote as a young boy and then see that when he was older, he stood in a very exclusive group with regard to grammar, you will think about him very differently than the way people usually think about a boy or girl who cannot spell properly at the age of thirteen or so. Instead of wringing our hands about how poorly such children spell and c<strong>on</strong>tinually asking what we should do to teach them to spell, it would be much better to think about what capacities the children actually have, seek out those special talents, and then find a way to teach the children what they need to learn from those talents. The Renewal of Educati<strong>on</strong> (35-36) Two paths diverged in the New Hampshire woods and Meg Gorman took the <strong>on</strong>e less travelled. 91
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32 POETRY EXERCISE Mary uses this f
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