Livestock Services and the Poor: A global initiative - IFAD

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EXECUTIVE SUMMARY The world community has agreed to reduce the level of global poverty by half by 2015 and to improve the livestock-related livelihoods of the estimated 600 million poor livestock keepers who can make an important contribution towards this goal. The rapidly growing demand for livestock products in the developing world is opening up opportunities for poverty reduction led by economic growth, provided the appropriate policies and institutions are in place. This document assesses the possibilities available for poor livestock keepers to benefit from these market opportunities for livestock products. Access to quality livestock services will be one of the most critical avenues for the exploitation of this market potential. This document seeks to inform decisionmakers about the design and implementation of more efficient pro-poor livestock services. First, it provides a profile of poor livestock keepers and then describes past experiences with various service providers and types of services for poor livestock keepers. It concludes with a plan of action. The information and analysis in the document are based on a study of the available literature and case studies from Bangladesh, Bolivia, Denmark, India (the state of Orissa) and Kenya. xi
xii LIVESTOCK SERVICES AND THE POOR Poor Livestock Keepers The analysis in Chapter 1 concludes that livestock can be an indispensable part of the livelihood systems of many poor rural and urban populations in developing countries, that it can play a crucial role in farming systems and that it can decrease the vulnerability of households. However, current national and global policies, as well as existing livestock services, often favour large-scale production. The enhancement of livestock development alone will therefore not necessarily contribute to poverty reduction. On the contrary, without proper targeting, livestock development might contribute to the crowding out of poor livestock keepers. The root causes of poverty and wider needs related to health, education and housing in livestock-based communities must be addressed if livestock interventions are to produce a widespread and substantial reduction of poverty. Livestock services can contribute through empowerment and increased income, as seen in poverty-focused projects aimed at, for example, India dairy production and Bangladesh poultry. Livestock services, however, will not be able to address all the issues connected to poverty. It is therefore crucial that inclusive and effective poverty reduction strategies be adopted at a policy level, including ‘enabling’ policies that address the root causes of poverty and enhance the development of pro-poor livestock services. In addition, Chapter 1 provides an analysis of the role of livestock development in the livelihoods of women and other vulnerable groups such as HIV/AIDS-affected households. A gender focus is necessary Women play important roles in livestock keeping, and experience shows that, in the provision of livestock services and the design of livestock development programmes, a targeted approach improves the overall impact in terms of poverty reduction. Efforts to secure women’s access to and control of productive and natural resources such as land, livestock and credit are strengthening women’s influence and social empowerment.
Page 1 and 2: Nearly one billion livestock are ke
Page 3 and 4: © 2004 International Fund for Agri
Page 5 and 6: iv Figures Figure 1.1 The poverty c
Page 8 and 9: Foreword About 900 million of the w
Page 10 and 11: ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS This report, prepa
Page 14 and 15: E XECUTIVE SUMMARY HIV/AIDS AIDS-af
Page 16 and 17: E XECUTIVE SUMMARY delivery of serv
Page 18 and 19: E XECUTIVE SUMMARY access to credit
Page 21 and 22: INTRODUCTION The fight against pove
Page 23 and 24: INTRODUCTION identity. Livestock is
Page 25: INTRODUCTION adequate for livestock
Page 28 and 29: 8 LIVESTOCK SERVICES AND THE POOR P
Page 30 and 31: 600 million poor livestock Keepers
Page 32 and 33: 12 LIVESTOCK SERVICES AND THE POOR
Page 36 and 37: Livestock can help cement social ne
Page 48 and 49: 28 Enhancing gender equity may redu
Page 52 and 53: The poor should define their own ne
Page 60 and 61: 40 Inappropriate livestock producti
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42 LIVESTOCK SERVICES AND THE POOR
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The public sector must provide an e
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Decentralization brings decision-ma
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50 The interests of NGOs are not th
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Alternative models linking local pa
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Dominated by government and NGOs Th
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Producer organizations can also aim
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58 Supply public support through or
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CHAPTER 3 POVERTY FOCUS OF LIVESTOC
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CHAPTER 3: POVERTY FOCUS OF LIVESTO
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Box 3.2 shows five biases of livest
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Box 3.4: Livestock component in Cam
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limited, and the dependency on purc
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Box 3.6: A rabbit project in Togo C
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Table 3.1: Primary features of two
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Box 3.14: Self-help groups in the I
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Box 3.16: Loans for women dairy soc
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RECOMMENDED ACTIONS The overall con
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Focus on Key Issues CHAPTER 4: RECO
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Recommendations CHAPTER 4: RECOMMEN
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The following are required for more
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CHAPTER 4: RECOMMENDED ACTIONS Init
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