Livestock Services and the Poor: A global initiative - IFAD

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Widen the concept of organizations The introduction of new technologies among poor livestock keepers succeeds only if the access to support services such as training and advisory services is adequate 68 LIVESTOCK SERVICES AND THE POOR The last point emphasizes a recognition that there are established practices in informal networks and community organizations. These are often neglected, but could have a role in facilitating participation by the poor in the development and implementation of livestock services. The suggestion, therefore, is to work on a strategy that: enhances capacity-building among organizations that could involve poor livestock keepers; and takes account of the community organizations and informal networks of the poor that are already established. This means that the sorts of organizations that must be targeted must be widened beyond conventional producer organizations, cooperatives and so on so as to include traditional institutions, clubs and informal groups of poor livestock keepers. A great challenge will be to link grass-roots organizations to policy-making institutions. This will require much more work on apex organizations among groups and, at the same time, on reforms and changes in attitude within policy-making institutions so that they are able to respond to demands from the grass-roots level. Livestock advisory services and skill development The major needs of poor livestock keepers The experience gathered during the case studies shows that the introduction of new technologies among poor livestock keepers does not succeed without also securing access to support services such as training and advisory services. Chapter 1 identifies problems such as the lack of fodder and of low-cost technologies as major problems in almost all developing countries. Production systems that can help current and potential livestock keepers achieve improvements often differ from traditional systems, and many poor (potential) livestock keepers do not have or have lost the tradition of livestock production (through conflicts, family displacements, or the loss of family members through AIDS). The adoption of improved technologies may only be possible if the capacity of poor livestock keepers to adopt technologies such as animal husbandry, fodder production and management is improved.
CHAPTER 3: POVERTY FOCUS OF LIVESTOCK SERVICES Appropriate livestock advisory services can have an impact Livestock advisory services and skill development can have an important impact on poor livestock keepers if these services focus on technology and production systems which the target group can easily access. A good example is described in Box 3.1. Until now: little attention Very little attention has been paid to livestock advisory services. Livestock production is frequently managed through a government department or, in most cases, a government ministry that is separate from the institution managing agriculture. However, within these livestock departments or ministries, animal health is the major concern, and the main focus is on veterinary services, while advisory services for livestock production have a low priority. For example, the National Department of Animal Husbandry in India allocates less than 10% of its budget to information delivery (Matthewman and Morton, 1997; Morton and Wilson, 2000). Nonetheless, there have been cases, particularly in sub-Saharan Africa, where livestock production and management advice have been integrated into the extension departments of agricultural ministries or into departments emphasizing agricultural extension. However, the staff in these departments often lack expertise in livestock production, and advisory services on livestock production still receive a low priority, and there is a lack of focus on the poor (de Haan et al., 2001). There is an overall lack of competent institutions and professionally trained people in this area. For example, a case study in Burkina Faso found that farmers rated the livestock advisory services provided through government extension services lower than the services in any other sector in terms of quality and availability, although they indicated that livestock production advice was their greatest need (Bindlish et al., 1993). Where livestock advisory services were provided, specialists had a tendency to choose their own target group, consisting mainly of ‘progressive’ and wealthier farmers with sufficient resources to adopt intensive livestock production systems (Morton and Wilson, 2000). Little attention has been paid to livestock advisory services! Lack of a poverty focus Lack of competent institutions and appropriately trained professionals 69
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Nearly one billion livestock are ke
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© 2004 International Fund for Agri
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iv Figures Figure 1.1 The poverty c
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Foreword About 900 million of the w
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ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS This report, prepa
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EXECUTIVE SUMMARY The world communi
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E XECUTIVE SUMMARY HIV/AIDS AIDS-af
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E XECUTIVE SUMMARY delivery of serv
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E XECUTIVE SUMMARY access to credit
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INTRODUCTION The fight against pove
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INTRODUCTION identity. Livestock is
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INTRODUCTION adequate for livestock
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8 LIVESTOCK SERVICES AND THE POOR P
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600 million poor livestock Keepers
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12 LIVESTOCK SERVICES AND THE POOR
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Livestock can help cement social ne
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Page 48 and 49: 28 Enhancing gender equity may redu
Page 52 and 53: The poor should define their own ne
Page 60 and 61: 40 Inappropriate livestock producti
Page 66 and 67: The public sector must provide an e
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Page 70 and 71: 50 The interests of NGOs are not th
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Page 76 and 77: Producer organizations can also aim
Page 78 and 79: 58 Supply public support through or
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Recommendations CHAPTER 4: RECOMMEN
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The following are required for more
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CHAPTER 4: RECOMMENDED ACTIONS Init
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Livestock Services and the Poor: A global initiative - IFAD

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