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210___________ ____________________________________________________ Psychedelics Figure 5. The effect of LSD-25 on the amplitude (A) and latency (L) of the cortical response to light flashes in the awake rabbit. Also shown are variability (expressed as variance) of the amplitude (VA) and of latency (VL). The measurements were done on the first downward component of the complex response shown in figure 6. Control (left of "o" hour) and effect of LSD-25 (50 µg total dose) were observed over several hours. The dots signify the readings (means of ten measurements of
211___________ ____________________________________________________ Psychedelics LSD-25 (either by mouth or injected into the peritoneal cavity), he invariably noted an increase in threshold, i.e., an impairment of vision, whereas motor and discriminative functions were not grossly disturbed. The rise in threshold could again be related to the reduction in transmission in the thalamus, as noted by Evarts. The present author studied the effect of LSD-25 on visually evoked responses in rabbits (Koella and Wells, 1959). The animals were supplied with chronically implanted electrodes to record the signals in the visual projection area of the cortex in response to repetitive (one every five seconds) light flashes. During the experiments the rabbits were semi-restricted in their movements by being wrapped in burlap sacking, but were otherwise unrestrained by either mechanical devices or drugs. We confirmed Purpura's observations that LSD-25 (25-50 µg total dose) increased somewhat the cortical evoked response (figure 5, A). More significant, however, was an additional observation pertaining to variability of response. It is common knowledge that under physiological conditions and particularly in awake animals, indicators such as evoked responses vary greatly in amplitude when the stimulus is given repetitively to produce a whole series of evoked signals. In our experimental situa- tion, the evoked responses (to constant, standardized stim- uli) changed in amplitude over a range as great as 1:20 or more. LSD-25, in the dose mentioned, drastically decreased this variability down to about 25 per cent of the original value (figure 5, VA, and figure 6 ) . The latency of the response (i.e., the time elapsed between the stimulus and the appearance of the response, signaling the transmission time from the retinal light receptors to the cortex) was somewhat decreased, and again its variability was greatly reduced under LSD-25 (figure 5, VL). amplitude and latency) at each time for each of seven animals. In the case of variability, they indicate variance of the ten measurements. The full lines represent the means for all seven animals. Note slight protracted increase in amplitude and decrease in latency after LSD-25 (given at o hours). Note decrease and, after one to two hours, increase of variability of amplitude and latency. (From Koella and Wells, 1959; reprinted by permission of the American Journal o f Physiology.)
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A736 $2.45 PSYCHEDELICS by Bernard
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P S Y C H E D E L I C S The Uses an
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Psychedelics The Uses and Implicati
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C O N T E N T S PART I. INTRODUCTIO
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3. Treatment of Alcoholism with Psy
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INTRODUCTION: PSYCHEDELICS, TECHNOL
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P A R T I I T H E N A T U R E O F T
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P A R T I V E F F E C T S O F P S Y
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P A R T V I N O N - D R U G A N A L
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P A R T V I I T H E R A P E U T I C
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PSYCHEDELICS AND THE FUTURE HUMPHRY
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P A R T X S P E C I A L S E C T I O
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