An Outline of The History of Western Music Grout ... - The Reel Score

8. paved the way for the mature classic period of Haydn & Mozart
II. The Late 18th Century: Haydn & Mozart
A. Franz Joseph Haydn (1732-1809)
1. Early Years
a) Born in Rohrau a little town near the Hungarian border in what is now Austria
b) Received his first musical training from an uncle with whom he went to live with at
age 5 and 2 yrs later became a choirboy at St. Stephan's Cathedral in Vienna
c) After his voice changed, he lived precariously as a freelance musician - becoming
music director for Count Morizin in 1758 or 59
2. Eszterhàza
a) In 1761 he entered the service of Prince Paul Anton Esterhàza which lasted for
nearly 30 years
b) Ideal for a composer, as the court rivaled Versailles with two theaters - one for
opera and one for marionette plays, two large music rooms
c) Haydn built up the orchestra to about 25 players
3. Haydn's Instrumental Music
a) The Symponies
1: Symphonic Form
i- Classic symphony
a- demanded the most attention from its audience in the 1st movement
b- the 2nd movement offered calm and gentle melodic oasis to the
complexity and and contrasts of the 1st movement
c- the Minuet provided relaxation
i) written in a more popular style
ii) easier form for the listener to follow
iii) but too short to balance the preceding two movements as a closing
movement, relaxed spirit must be balanced with a buildup of tension,
climax, and release
d- Haydn developed a and Allegro or Presto in 2/4 or cut time to close after
the minuet
e- Overall Symphonic organization was then
i) I. Allegro
(1) Exposition
(2) Development
(3) Recapitulation
ii) II. Andante moderato
iii) III. Minuet & Trio
(1) Minuet
(2) Trio
iv) IV. Finale: Allegro or Presto
ii- First Movement Form
a- typically the first movement Allegro alternates stable and unstable
periods
i) Stable periods