An Outline of The History of Western Music Grout ... - The Reel Score

ii) passacaglia
iii) chaconne
iv) chorale partita
v) chorale prelude
(4) Dances & other pieces in more or less stylized rhythms - either loosely strung
together or more formally integrated in the suite
(5) pieces in improvisatory style for solo keyboard instrument or lute
i) toccata
ii) fantasia
iii) prelude
b) the violin - rising to prominence in the 17th century - emulated the solo singing
voice absorbing many of the vocal techniques into its vocabulary
c) Instrumental music is not escape the spell of the recitative and aria styles -
although with less impact than the basso continuo
2. Genres
a) Although titles such as ricercare, fantasia, fancy, capriccio, sonata, sinfonia, and
canzona may seem to have been applied rather indiscriminately - each
represented a tradition and a set of precedents that composers of the time
generally respected
(1) sense of genre was very strong in the early 17th century
(2) writing of Athanasius Kircher "Musurgia universalis in 1650 & Michael
Praetorius "Syntagma musicum 1618 reflect this
b) Ricercare - typically a brief, serious, composition for organ or clavier in which one
theme is continuously developed in imitation (fugal or canonic style) of a sustained
legato character - "Ricercar dopo il Credo" by Girolamo Frescobaldi (1583-1643)
c) Fantasia & Fancy - constructed on a larger scale than the simple ricercare and has
a more complex formal organization - Jan Pieterszoon Sweelinck (1562-1621),
Samuel Scheidt (1587-1654), Heinrich Scheidemann (ca. 1596-1663)
(1) contrapuntal fantasia for strings without basso continuo was the leading early
17th century English Chamber music - cultivated even after the restoration
(1660)
(2) used borrowed themes and learned devices more frequently to develop the
themes as a series of fugues and like the ricercare the theme or themes were
of sustained legato character
(3) Matthew Locke (1621-1677) & Henry Purcell (1659-1695) - whose fantasias
for viols (about 1680) were the last important examples of this
d) Canzona - variety of approaches
(1) generally several contrasting sections - each on a different theme in fugal
imitation - rounded off with a cadenza like flourish - more of the formal,
abstract quality of instrumental polyphony in the Renaissance tradition
(2) variation canzona - transformations of a single theme in successive sections -
Maria Trabaci (ca. 1575-1647), Girolamo Frescobaldi (1583-1643), Johann
Jakob Froberger (1616-1667)
(3) ensemble canzona - a patchwork of short thematically unrelated sections that
might be repeated literally or in varied form later in the work - Tarquinio
Merula (1594-1665)