An Outline of The History of Western Music Grout ... - The Reel Score
An Outline of The History of Western Music Grout ... - The Reel Score
An Outline of The History of Western Music Grout ... - The Reel Score
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6: symphonies <strong>of</strong> 1774-1788 show a smooth and assured exploitation <strong>of</strong><br />
orchestral resources<br />
b) <strong>The</strong> Quartets<br />
1: quartets to 1781<br />
i- in the sonata form movements Haydn adopted strategies peculiar to his<br />
quartets<br />
a- exposition almost always dominated by the first violin<br />
b- after this exposition <strong>of</strong> primary subject, he usually chose a looser texture<br />
in which the primary motives pass from one instrument to another<br />
c- instead <strong>of</strong> tutti transitions used in his symphonies he favored loud<br />
unisons or stark modulatory gestures<br />
d- arrivals such as secondary thematic section in the recapitulation are<br />
marked by subtle means not by cadence<br />
e- the development sections are (in opus 20) nearly equal in length to the<br />
exposition and recapitulation<br />
f- motive first presented in the exposition are developed over the entire<br />
movement<br />
ii- fugue based movements - several <strong>of</strong> Haydn's contemporaries - Richter,<br />
Carlos d'Ordoñez (1734-1786), and Gassmann - also included fugal<br />
movements in their quartets<br />
2: quartets 1785-1790<br />
i- increasing frequent use <strong>of</strong> monothematic first movements<br />
ii- many slow movements are themes and variations<br />
3: last quartets<br />
i- frequently based his second thematic section on the first<br />
ii- used the closing section to inject contrast<br />
iii- his expanded harmonic frontiers froeshadowed Romantic harmony in his<br />
chromatic progressions, uses <strong>of</strong> the augmented sixth chord, enharmonic<br />
changes, and fanciful tonal shifts<br />
c) Keyboard Sonatas<br />
1: early keyboard sonatas can be performed on a harpsichord, later pieces<br />
require a pian<strong>of</strong>orte due to the dynamic markings<br />
2: follow the same lines <strong>of</strong> development observed in the symphonies and quartets<br />
4. Haydn's Vocal Works<br />
a) operas were very successful in his day but rarely heard now<br />
b) songs for solo voice with keyboard are unpretintious<br />
c) masses<br />
1: true to Viennese tradition, Haydn interchanged solo voice and chorus<br />
2: what was new was the prominent position he gave to the orchestra and his<br />
pervasive adoption <strong>of</strong> symphonic style and even symphonic forms<br />
d) oratorios - admired Handel - evident in his late masses and above all in the<br />
oratorios<br />
B. Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart (1756-1791)<br />
1. Early years<br />
a) born in Salzburg - his father, Leopold Mozart served in the archbishops chapel<br />
also wrote a celebrated treatise on violin playing, he dropped all to devote himself<br />
to educating and exhibiting Wolfgang's talents
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