An Outline of The History of Western Music Grout ... - The Reel Score

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i) works included in the Eton Choirbook - compiled between 1490 & 1502 for Eton College a- William Cornysh the younger (1465-1523) b- Robert Fayrfax (ca. 1464-1521) ii) John Taverner (ca. 1490-1545) - greatest musician of the period (2) Middle of 16th century i) Christopher Tye (ca. 1505-1572) ii) Robert Whyte (ca. 1538-1574) iii) Thomas Tallis (ca. 1505 - 1585) a- most important of this period b- musical production bridges early & late 16th century English styles c- career reflects the religious & political upheavels that affected English church music in this period i- wrote Masses & votive antiphons under Henry VIII ii- music for English service and anthems to English texts under Edward VI (reigned 1547-53) after split with Rome iii- Latin hymns & Mass under Queen Mary (reigned 1553-58) who restored the Roman rite iv- Music set to both Latin & English Texts under Queen Elizabeth (reigned 1558-1603) during which the Church of England was established in its present day form 5. Anglican Church Music a) Catholic Church in England formally separated from the Roman Catholic communion in 1534 under Henry VIII (1) A political move - so no immediate changes in liturgy or music were involved (2) But gradually, English replaced Latin in the Church service - in 1549 the Act of Uniformity made the English Book of Common Prayer the only prayer book permitted for public service b) Background (1) Edward VI - demanded a plain, syllabic, homophonic style i) drastic change from massive, highly ornate, & florid catholic music ii) later relaxed to allow for some counterpoint (2) Changes in language & liturgy finally gave rise to a new body of English Church Music (3) Orlando Gibbons (1583-1625) is often called the father of Anglican church music c) Form (1) The Service i) music for fixed portions fo the Morning & Evening Prayer - and Holy Communion ii) Music of the "Great Service" is contrapuntal and melismatic iii) Music of the "Short Service" is chordal & syllabic iv) No difference in content between Great & Short Service (2) The Anthem
i) corresponds to the Latin motet ii) the "Full Anthem" was usually written in contrapuntal style for unaccompanied chorus throughout iii) the "Verse Anthem" employed one or more solo voices with organ or viol accompaniment and had brief alternating passages for chorus (most popular in England during the 17th century) C. The Counter Reformation 1. To counter the defection of Northern Europe the Catholic Church started a program on internal reform - the Counter-Reformation a) Loss or threatened loss of England, the Netherlands, Germany, Austria, Bohemia, Poland, & Hungry b) Reform led by Pope Paul III (reigned 1534-1549) 2. Council of Trent (1545-1563) a) Worked to formulate and pass measures aimed at purging the church of abuses & laxities b) Church music took only a short time of the Council - issuing a very general pronouncement (1) neither polyphony nor imitation of secular models was specifically forbidden (2) banned from church everything "lascivious or impure" - leaving implementation of the the doctrine to diocesan bishops (3) Legend has Palestrina saving polyphony from the Council's condemnation by composing a six voice Mass - reverent in spirit and not obscuring the text i) work was Missa Papae Marcelli (1567) ii) council was most certainly influenced by the music of Flemish composer Jacobus de Kerle (1532-1591) - "preces speciales" (1561) which was sung at one of the meetings 3. Palestrina (1525/26-1594) a) During the latter part of his life he supervised the revision of the official chant books to accord with the Council of Trent's changes (1) Not completed during his lifetime and completed by others (2) This Medicean edition of the Gradual was published in 1614 - remaining in use to 1908 with replacement by the Vatican Edition published by the monk's of Solesmes (3) Greatest part of his works were sacred b) Style (1) Called the "Prince of Music" - his works the "absolute perfection" of church style i) better than any other composer he captured the essence of the sober, conservative aspect of the Counter Reformation ii) long after he died, common to speak of the "stile da Palestrina" (Palestrina style) (2) Individual voice parts have an almost plainsong-like quality i) curve describes an arch ii) stepwise motion with short infrequent leaps (3) Avoidance of chromaticism with fidelity to the diatonic modes
Page 1 and 2: An Outline of The History of Wester
Page 3 and 4: Ancient Greece and Rome Through Ren
Page 5 and 6: (1) Cult of Apollo - lyre (2) Cult
Page 7 and 8: i) Current belief is that the churc
Page 9 and 10: ) Performance Classification (1) An
Page 11 and 12: (2) When the melodies are melismas,
Page 13 and 14: i) They sang, played, and danced to
Page 15 and 16: 1. Organum Purum a) The lower voice
Page 17 and 18: (9) Phrase endings of different voi
Page 19 and 20: 2. Technical Achievements a) Codifi
Page 21 and 22: d) Polyphonic virelais, rondeaux, &
Page 23 and 24: (3) Characterized by graceful vocal
Page 25 and 26: c) Knowledge of 14th Century Englis
Page 27 and 28: d) Prestige of the Burgundian Court
Page 29 and 30: c) Continued the treble dominated s
Page 31 and 32: (1) Brought in the most talented co
Page 33 and 34: a) Pertrucci's 1st publication (1)
Page 35 and 36: iv) Bass took over the foundation o
Page 37 and 38: a- the most important genre of Ital
Page 39 and 40: g) Cipriano de Rore (1516-1565) - e
Page 41 and 42: (2) monophonic art of the Minnesing
Page 43 and 44: (4) Vicentino, Rore, & Lasso (pupil
Page 45 and 46: a- essential step in this developme
Page 47 and 48: d- German hymns replaced most to th
Page 49: (1) texts were translated by Clème
Page 53 and 54: Baroque
Page 55 and 56: ii) Bach & Handel owed much to the
Page 57 and 58: ) typical texture of the Baroque pe
Page 59 and 60: (2) Giovanni Bardi (1534-1612) one
Page 61 and 62: (2) in his Orfeo of 1647 the antiqu
Page 63 and 64: 3. Formal articulation was achieved
Page 65 and 66: iii) Jocob Handl (1550-1591) active
Page 67 and 68: ii) passacaglia iii) chaconne iv) c
Page 69 and 70: ii) melody would receive different
Page 71 and 72: a) Venitian (1) Pietro Francesco Ca
Page 73 and 74: (2) his librettist - playwright Jea
Page 75 and 76: c) Serenata - a semi dramatic piece
Page 77 and 78: ) Charles II particularly liked sol
Page 79 and 80: (3) Andreas Hammerschmidt (1611-167
Page 81 and 82: h- Jan Adam Reincken (1623-1722) i-
Page 83 and 84: iv) Chaconne - a stately movement i
Page 85 and 86: ii) solo instruments were also usua
Page 87 and 88: c) Francesco Germiniani (1687-1762)
Page 89 and 90: c) Leipzig (1723-1750) - as Cantor
Page 91 and 92: d) Oratorios (1) the Italian orator
Page 93 and 94: I. Sonata, Symphony, and Opera in t
Page 95 and 96: c) Baroque - J.S. Bach (1685-1750),
Page 97 and 98: 2. Musical Rhetoric a) first decade
Page 99 and 100: iii- Domenico Cimarosa (1749-1801)
Page 101 and 102:
c- A2 begins by restating the melod
Page 103 and 104:
c) composers 1: early: J.J. Quantz
Page 105 and 106:
ii) there may be a coda ii- this is
Page 107 and 108:
8. paved the way for the mature cla
Page 109 and 110:
6: symphonies of 1774-1788 show a s
Page 111 and 112:
d) piano works - most important of
Page 113 and 114:
I. Ludwig Van Beethoven (1770-1827)
Page 115 and 116:
) two works share the Revolutionary
Page 117 and 118:
a) some 19th century writers consid
Page 119 and 120:
v- content and form may be suggeste
Page 121 and 122:
1: a distinctive school of pianists
Page 123 and 124:
3: Liszt experimented with harmonie
Page 125 and 126:
c) works for chorus & orchestra 1:
Page 127 and 128:
1: a continuous succession of orche
Page 129 and 130:
1: another new genre - not to be co
Page 131 and 132:
ii- the words convey the outer aspe
Page 133 and 134:
20 th Century
Page 135 and 136:
: more difficult to realize musical
Page 137 and 138:
a) Norway - Evard Hagerup Grieg (18
Page 139 and 140:
i- immediate background included Fr
Page 141 and 142:
c) in most of his music a primary t
Page 143 and 144:
1: held to some recognizably famili
Page 145 and 146:
3. also used "pointillism" a) spare
Page 147 and 148:
) by mid 20th century, distinct pit
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An Outline of The History of Western Music Grout ... - The Reel Score

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