An Outline of The History of Western Music Grout ... - The Reel Score

a) Norway - Evard Hagerup Grieg (1843-1907) - superimposed national
characteristics on an orthodox style learned in his youthful studies at the Leipzig
Conservatory
b) Poland - Staislaw Moniuszko (1819-1872) creator of a Polish national opera with
Halka (1848)
c) Carl August Nielsen (1865-1931)
d) Alfons Diepenbrock (1862-1921) - influenced first by Palestrina & Wagner, and
later by Debussy
e) Jean Sibelius (1865-1957) - greatest Finnish composer
f) Edward Elgar (1857-1934)
1: the first English composer in more than 200 years to enjoy wide international
recognition
2: this English renaissance signaled by Elgar took a nationalist turn in the 20th
Century with the folk song collections of Cecil Sharp (1859-1924) & Ralph
Vaughan Williams (1872-1958) - led to the use of these melodies by Williams
and Gustav Holst (1874-1934)
3: Williams & Holst became leaders of the new English school
g) Felipe Pedrell (1841-1922), Isaac Albeniz (1860-1909), & Manuel de Falla (1876
-1946)
1: Pedrell sparked a nationalist revival in Spain with his editions of 16th century
Spanish composers
2: Albeniz used Spanish dance rhythms
3: Falla was the principal Spanish composer of the early 20th century imbuing his
works with the melodic and rhythmic qualities of Spanish popular music
D. New Currents in France
1. Background
a) Recovery of it national musical heritage
1: National Society for French Music founded at the end of the Franco-Prussian
War in 1871
i- its purpose to give performances of works by French composers
ii- also sought to revive the great French music of the past through editions
and performances of Rameau, Gluck, and 16th century French composers
2: Schola Cantorum founded in 1884 - introduced broad historical studies in
music in contrast to the narrow technical training prevailing at the Conservatoire
3: these and similar activities allowed France to regain a leading position in music
in the first half of the 20th century
b) Three interdependent lines of development may be traced in French music from
1871-early 1900's
1: the cosmopolitan tradition transmitted through Cesar Franck and his pupils -
especially Vincent d'Indy
2: the specifically French tradition transmitted through Camille Saint-Saens and
his pupils especially Gagriel Faure
3: a later tradition rooted in the French one led by Debussy
2. The Cosmopolitan Tradition
a) César Franck (1822-1890) - introduced some mildly chromatic innovations in
harmony and systematically applied the cyclical method