An Outline of The History of Western Music Grout ... - The Reel Score

(3) ensemble canzona - a patchwork of short thematically unrelated sections that
might be repeated literally or in varied form later in the work - Tarquinio
Merula (1594-1665)
i) usually written in four parts
ii) usually could be played just as well without the continuo
(4) in comparison to ricercare & fantasia a livelier, more marked rhythmic
melodic material with emphasis on the division of the piece into sections
(indicates origin from the French chanson)
e) English Consort music
(1) consort (ensemble) music for viols which flourished in England in the
beginning of 17th century - Alfonso Ferrabosco the Younger (before 1578
-1628), John Coprario (aka Cooper, ca. 1570-1627)
(2) John Jenkins (1592-1678) - leading composer of viol consort music in the
mid 17th century
f) Sonata
(1) a vague term for instrumental pieces in the early 1600's gradually came to
mean a compositon that resembled a canzona in form with special features
i) scored for one or two melody instruments - usually violins w/basso continuo
ii) often took advantage of the idiomatic possibilities offered by a particular
instrument
iii) somewhat free & expressive character
(2) Biagio Marini (ca. 1587-1663) "Sonata per il violino per sonar con due
corde", Op. 8 (1629) is an early example of instrumental monody
(3) by the middle of the 17th century the canzona & sonata had thoroughly
merged
i) written for many different instrumental combinations
ii) with two violins & continuo a common medium - usually called trio sonatas
(4) sometimes name was qualified as sonata da chiesa since many pieces were
written for use in church
g) Variations
(1) The theme & variations form (a favorite of late Renaissance keyboard
composition) underwent further development
(2) often variation did not appear in the title & the term partite was often used in
the early 17th century for sets of variations - later called suites
(3) Techniques
i) Cantus Firmus Variation - melody repeated with little or no change though it
might wander from voice to voice - Jan Pieterzoon Sweelinck (1562-1621),
Samuel Scheidt (1587-1654), & English virginalists
a- Scheidt (northern Germany) published a large collection of compostions
for organ "Tabulatura nova" based on chorale melodies
b- works of Scheidt and his influence as a teacher were the foundation of a
remarkable development of North German organ music in the Baroque
Era
ii) melody would receive different embellishment in each variation - most often
the top most voice with underlying harmony remaining essentially
unchanged - Johann Adam reincken (1623-1722)