An Outline of The History of Western Music Grout ... - The Reel Score

- by example and precept he was the founder of modern orchestration
c- device of having a theme recur in different movements - idée fixe - gave
impetus to the development of the cyclical symphonic forms of the later
19th century
iii- idée fixe - a recurring theme common to all the movements of a composition
but varied in shape and treatment according to the fluctuating demands of
the dramatic scheme
iv- following Beethoven's Pastoral Symphony, Berlioz had license to shape the
Classic form around a set of feelings or passions
c) Felix Mendelssohn (1809-1847)
1: Beethoven influenced his symphonic writing less than did his study of Bach and
Handel and the rigorous training in the Classic forms he received under Carl
Friedrich Zelter (1758-1832)
2: Music
i- in the Italian (No. 4, 1833) and the Scottish (No. 3, 1842) symphonies fit into
the regular Classical forms
ii- use of folk idioms reveals a nostalgia for faraway places and also illustrates
the Romantic's interest in both native music and local color
iii- Violin Concerto (1844) is one of he greatest of all violin concertos - displays
unity through thematic content and links between movements
iv- Midsummer Night's Dream Overture set the standard for all subsequent
overtures of the period
d) Robert Schumann (1810-1856)
1: Until 1840, he dedicated himself to mainly piano music and lieder completing
his first symphony in 1841 & a second in 1842
2: Some critics & historians have maintained that his personality did not lend itself
to Classic forms
e) Franz Liszt (1811-1886)
1: Intro
i- foremost composer of program music after Berlioz writing 12 "symphonic
poems" (his own term) between 1848 - 1858 and a 13th in 1881 - 1882
ii- devised a method of unifying a composition by transforming a single motive
to reflect the diverse moods needed to portray a programmatic subject
iii- works that Liszt called symphonies are also programmatic
iv- his bold chords and chromatic harmonies helped form Wagner's style after
1854
v- his play with cells for small sets of intervals and pitches enjoyed
unexpected resonance in the 20th century
2: Symphonic Poem
i- relatively short and not divided into separate movements
ii- presents a continuous form with sections in contrasting character & tempo
iii- a small number of themes are developed, repeated, varied, or transformed
iv- are poems by anology to word poems - not drama, narrative, or prose
exposition it is an imaginative structure free of these genres' conventions
v- content and form may be suggested by a picture, statue, play, poem, scene,
personality, etc., but the subject is converted into music without specific