An Outline of The History of Western Music Grout ... - The Reel Score

iv) Chaconne - a stately movement in triple meter made popular by Lully's
stage music often served as a movement of a suite
a- might have an introductory movement or one or more optional dances
placed either after the gigue or before the sarabande added
(4) Keyboard Sonata
i) Most early sonatas were written for instrumental ensemble - Johann Kuhnau
first transfered the genre to the keyboard in 1692
ii) His Frische Klavierfrüchte (Keyboard Fruits) of 1696 consists entirely of
sonatas
2. Ensemble Music
a) By 1700 French clavecinists & North German organists had established distinct
styles - in the realm of instrumental chamber music (as in Opera & cantata) the
Italians remained masters & teachers - it was the age of great string music in Italy
b) Late 17th & early 18th century were the age of the great violin makers of Cremona
- Nicolò Amati (1596-1684), Antonio Stradivari (1644-1737), Giuseppe Bartolomeo
Guarneri (1698-1744)
c) Ensemble Sonata
(1) in the earlier decades, the term (like the parallel sinfonia) chiefly denoted a
prelude or interlude in a predominantly vocal work. After 1630 the two terms
were increasingly used to designate separate instrumental compostions
(2) typical ensemble sonata has several sections or movements in contrasting
tempos and textures and is scored for 2 to 4 solo instruments with basso
continuo
(3) two types after about 1660
i) Sonata da Chiesa (church sonata) - a mixture of abstract movements and
others that were essentially dance movements
ii) Sonata da Camera (chamber sonata) - a suite of stylized dances though the
first movement was not always a dance
a- often called by fancifully diverse names - da camera, trattenimento,
divertimento, concertino, concerto, ballo, & balleta
b- these titles implied no particular musical forms or types
iii) most common instrumentation (after 1670) for both types was two treble
instruments (usually violins) and a bass
iv) called "trio sonatas" such a work required actually 4 players with the
harpsicord continuo (which also doubled the basso continuo)
v) this texture - 2 high melody lines over a bass - was fundamental to many
other types of solo music both vocal & instrumental
(4) Ensemble Sonata outside Italy - Italian trio sonatas were imitated or adapted
by composers all over Europe
d) Solo Sonata
(1) for solo violin, flute, or viola da gamba with continuo gained popularity after
1700
(2) also writing for larger groups - up to 8 instrumental parts - with continuo, as
well as some for unaccompanied stringed or wind instruments began
(3) After Corelli composers were increasing attracted to solo sonatas
e) Canzona-sonata