1 Earliest Rome

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VOLUME 2 A Sourcebook M A R Y BEARD Lecturer in Classics in the University of Cambridge, and Fellow of'Newnham College J O H N N O R T H Professor of History, University College London S I M O N PRICE Fellow and Tutor, Lady Margaret Hall, Oxford CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY PRESS
Page 4 and 5: Contents Acknowledgements viii Pref
Page 6 and 7: Preface 'Religions of Rome' - the t
Page 8 and 9: Preface Gods in human form, and gro
Page 10 and 11: Conventions and abbreviations Conve
Page 12 and 13: 1 Earliest Rome What was the charac
Page 14 and 15: 1.1 Before the gods? possible to ha
Page 16 and 17: 1.3 The archaic triad like Numa and
Page 18 and 19: 1.4 Early rituals 3. This clause se
Page 20 and 21: Iguvine Tables Via. 1-31 The arsfer
Page 22 and 23: 1.5 Rome and the Latins 6. In Roman
Page 24 and 25: 1.5 Rome and the Latins mentioned i
Page 26 and 27: 1.5c The grove at Aricia 1.5 Rome a
Page 28 and 29: . 6 Religion and the Roman gens wen
Page 30 and 31: ./ Greeks and Greek influence so as
Page 32 and 33: ILLRP 1271a 1.7 Greeks and Greek in
Page 34 and 35: 1.8 The arrival of the Sibylline Bo
Page 36 and 37: Livy, History 1.55.1 /. 8 The arriv
Page 38 and 39: 2.1 Gods in human form 2.1a Paintin
Page 40 and 41: Piautus, Amphitryo 1-25 2.1 Gods in
Page 42 and 43: 2.2 Deities of different types rece
Page 44 and 45: Augustine, The City ofGodviS 2.2 De
Page 46 and 47: 2.4 Roman debate on the gods they b
Page 48 and 49: 2.4 Roman debate on the gods See fu
Page 50 and 51: Ovid, to'vi.249-300, 319-48 2.5 Int
Page 52 and 53:
Livy, History V.21.1-7 2.6 Incorpor
Page 54 and 55:
2.7 Magna Mater and her cult (50) A
Page 56 and 57:
2.7 Magna Mater and her cuit Her re
Page 58 and 59:
2.7d Attis 2.7 Magna Mater and her
Page 60 and 61:
2.8 Becoming a god thing has been c
Page 62 and 63:
2.8 Becoming a god the arms of Rome
Page 64 and 65:
2.8 Becoming a god emperors divine
Page 66 and 67:
2.9a Caesars view of Gallic gods Ca
Page 68 and 69:
2.10 One god 12.6a), but it could i
Page 70 and 71:
2.10 One god more spacious surround
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3.1 The Calendar and religious cele
Page 74 and 75:
3.3 The calendar ofRome EN (endoter
Page 76 and 77:
3-3 The calendar ofRome C Kalends
Page 78 and 79:
3-3 The calendar of Rome Circus Max
Page 80 and 81:
3.3 The calendar of Rome 1. Veneral
Page 82 and 83:
3.5 A military calendar (A.D. 223-2
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III Ides Apr. XI Kal. May VI Kal.
Page 86 and 87:
3.6 The calendar of'the martyrs (A.
Page 88 and 89:
7154918; Degrassi (1963) 283 3.7 Ca
Page 90 and 91:
4.1 The Roman temple-building templ
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a o ;c JO ;cr- I 1 1 [ 1 1 4.2 The
Page 94 and 95:
1. The Roman Forum (see 4.7) and th
Page 96 and 97:
4.3 Altars and the Ara Pacis Note:
Page 98 and 99:
4,5 The grove of the Arval Brothers
Page 100 and 101:
4.6 The cult centres of Mithras oft
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4./ Religious space in the nearby m
Page 104 and 105:
4.8 77;
Page 106 and 107:
Tacitus, Annals XII.23—4 4.8 The
Page 108 and 109:
4.9 Sanctuaries of Latium Sanctuari
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4.10 The forum at Pompeii 4. The ci
Page 112 and 113:
4,11 The grove ofAlbunea building m
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4.12 The household shrine 1. Blue t
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(ThyIandcrU952)A25) 4.13 The house-
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4.14 Jewish synagogues in the Roman
Page 120 and 121:
4.14 Jewish synagogues itself devel
Page 122 and 123:
4.15 The architecture of Christiani
Page 124 and 125:
Page 126 and 127:
Page 128 and 129:
5.1 The Parilia Republic, associate
Page 130 and 131:
5.1b Pastoral festival to political
Page 132 and 133:
5.2 The Lupercalïa slaughter and d
Page 134 and 135:
5.2 The Lupercalia understood as th
Page 136 and 137:
1. 'The month December'. 5.3 The Sa
Page 138 and 139:
5.4 The'Salii and their rituals in
Page 140 and 141:
5.5 Ritual conservatism and innovat
Page 142 and 143:
5.5 Ritual conservatism and innovat
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5.6 Ceremonies of Magna Mater and I
Page 146 and 147:
Apuleius, Metamorphoses XI.9-10 5.6
Page 148 and 149:
5.7 The games 3. Sacred scribe (hie
Page 150 and 151:
5.7 The games known by some as chor
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5·/ The games Kalends of June , on
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5-7 The games Just as I have offere
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5.8 The ceremony of triumph granted
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5.8 The ceremony of triumph 1. Gree
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6.1 The stages of sacrifice (a) Sma
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6.2 A record of sacrifice Cttvi.210
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63 Private sacrifice these things,
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6.5 The season of the 'Sacred Sprin
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6.6a 'Devotw — a general vows him
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6.6 Human sacrifice Did they chink
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Prudentius, Crowns of Martyrdom 10.
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6.8 Conflict and opposition 6.8 Con
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6.8 Conflict and opposition ing the
Page 178 and 179:
Livy, History 1.36.2-6 7.1 Some ear
Page 180 and 181:
7.1 Some early prophets which was o
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7.2 Public auspices 7.2 Public ausp
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73 Prodigies mixed with blood and t
Page 186 and 187:
Livy, History YXN37.5-9 7.4 The har
Page 188 and 189:
7.4 The haruspices different gods w
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7.5 Sibylline Oracles 7.5 Sibylline
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1. The acrostich ends at this point
Page 194 and 195:
7.6 Prophecy in the Roman empire (8
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Pella, 3 7.6 Prophecy in the Roman
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7.6 Prophecy in the Roman empire 7.
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7.8 Astrology 7.8 Astrology The cas
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7.9 Dreams 7.9 Dreams Dreams provid
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7.9 Dreams jealousy amongst men. If
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8.1a The origins of the priesthoods
Page 208 and 209:
8.2 Priests and politics pontifices
Page 210 and 211:
8.2c The election of priests in the
Page 212 and 213:
I58380; C7c.vi.2120 8.3 The adminis
Page 214 and 215:
8.4 The Vestal Virgins this dispens
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8.5 The emperor as priest to the he
Page 218 and 219:
8.6 Priests of the imperial cult st
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8.7 Priests of Magna Mater the dead
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8.7 Priests of Magna Mater 8.7c Tom
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CIL vi. 1778 Pontifex of Vesta 1 Po
Page 226 and 227:
8.10 Pagan priesthood other words c
Page 228 and 229:
Aulus Gellius, Attic Nights•vi.l.
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9.1 Late republican dynasts with th
Page 232 and 233:
9.1 Late republican dynasts perpetu
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inauguration? Pick your day; choose
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(iv) Denarius of Octavian, before 3
Page 238 and 239:
9.3 Funeral ceremonies prominently
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9.4 Gods and mortals 9.4 Gods and m
Page 242 and 243:
Arnobius, Against the Gentiles n.37
Page 244 and 245:
Aelius Aristid.es, Sacred Tales II.
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9.6 Death pretend to conformity in
Page 248 and 249:
9.6c Salvation through Osiris? IGUR
Page 250 and 251:
10 Rome outside Rome This chapter i
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IS 112; C1L xn.4333 10.1 The rules
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10.2 Colonies of Rome be festal, wh
Page 256 and 257:
10.2 Cobnies of Rome 10.2c(ii) The
Page 258 and 259:
1.0.3 Rebttions with foreign powers
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ILS4037; CILx.6, 422 10.4 Roman rel
Page 262 and 263:
Pliny, Letters X.49 10.4d(i) Moving
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the order in which [the ?] of the a
Page 266 and 267:
10.5 Emperor-worship of the god Aug
Page 268 and 269:
10.5c Honours for Julia Domna at At
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3. That is, Tiberius. 4. That is, i
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Pliny, Natural History XIII. 84-6 1
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11.3 The claims ofthe magi drug whi
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11.4 Love magic Horace, EposfeS, 1-
Page 278 and 279:
11.5 Curse tablets not disregard me
Page 280 and 281:
11.6 Magic and revelation Artemidor
Page 282 and 283:
11.7 Regulations about divination 1
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11.8 The Jews control. Indeed you w
Page 286 and 287:
11.8b Not in front of the children
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Tacitus, AnnaisXV.44 J 1.11 Respons
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Trajan to Pliny 11.11 Responses to
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worship the head of an ass, 1 11.12
Page 294 and 295:
11.13 Constantine and the Church 2.
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11.13 Constantine and the Church 11
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11.14 Tbeodosius ban on sacrifices
Page 300 and 301:
Livy, History XXX1X.8-14 (abridged)
Page 302 and 303:
12.1 The cult of Bacchus Bacchants,
Page 304 and 305:
12.2 A society of Diana and Antinou
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12.3 Jupiter Dolichenus 12.3 Jupite
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12.-1 his bearers of the god, Corne
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and goddesses. I, who control at my
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ILS6U9; Vidman, Sylloge no.556 12.4
Page 314 and 315:
12.4e Isiac ceremonial (c. A.D. 50
Page 316 and 317:
Rutilius Namatianus, On his Return
Page 318 and 319:
12.5b Mithraic iconography 12.5 The
Page 320 and 321:
CIMRM473; IGUR1Q6 12.5 The mysterie
Page 322 and 323:
12.5 The mysteries ofMithras Markos
Page 324 and 325:
Origen, Against Celsns VI.22 12.5 T
Page 326 and 327:
12.5 The mysteries of Mithras They
Page 328 and 329:
Vermaseren and van Essen (1965) 165
Page 330 and 331:
Vermaseren and van Essen (1965) 217
Page 332 and 333:
12.6 The Jews See further: Vol. I,
Page 334 and 335:
Philo, Embassy to Gaius 155-8 12.6
Page 336 and 337:
12.6 The Jews 12.6d(iv) Jewish symb
Page 338 and 339:
12.6f Jews and Greeks in Alexandria
Page 340 and 341:
The Mishnah on Alien Worship [Avoda
Page 342 and 343:
12.7 The Christians forward certain
Page 344 and 345:
Acts of the Aposdes 28.14-31 12.7 T
Page 346 and 347:
12.7 The Christians Romans 16.10-11
Page 348 and 349:
12.7 A The practices of Christianit
Page 350 and 351:
12.7 The Christians Norea, daughter
Page 352 and 353:
12.7 The Christians 1. As Irenaeus
Page 354 and 355:
12.7 The Christians Abandoning rhe
Page 356 and 357:
Rusticus the prefect said: 'What so
Page 358 and 359:
12.7 The Christians out the trophie
Page 360 and 361:
13 Perspectives This final chapter
Page 362 and 363:
13.2 Roman philosophical critique w
Page 364 and 365:
13.3 Cicero's ideal Roman religion
Page 366 and 367:
Let not the impious man dare to pla
Page 368 and 369:
Marcus Aurelius, Communings with Hi
Page 370 and 371:
13.6 Religion and empire 1. Perhaps
Page 372 and 373:
13.8 Christianity as the real relig
Page 374 and 375:
13.9 Old and new cities of god See
Page 376 and 377:
Glossary aedes house; commonly refe
Page 378 and 379:
Imperium supreme executive power of
Page 380 and 381:
Deities and their epithets Roman an
Page 382 and 383:
Bibliography 1. Literary texts We g
Page 384 and 385:
Bibliography Horace, Epodes: Latin
Page 386 and 387:
Bibliography just over half the ori
Page 388 and 389:
Bibliography Beagon, M. (1992) Roma
Page 390 and 391:
Bibliography Briquel, D. (1981) 'De
Page 392 and 393:
Bibliography Cochrane, C. N. (1940)
Page 394 and 395:
Bibliography Farquharson, A. S. L.
Page 396 and 397:
Bibliography (1975) 'Franz Cumont a
Page 398 and 399:
Bibliography (1981) 'Human sacrific
Page 400 and 401:
Bibliography Lampe, P. (1989) Die s
Page 402 and 403:
Bibliography Meloni, P. (1954) 'Anc
Page 404 and 405:
Bibliography Pallottino, M. (1975)
Page 406 and 407:
Bibliography (1980) A travers VAsie
Page 408 and 409:
Bibliography (1973) The Roman Citiz
Page 410 and 411:
Bibliography (1966) The Legend o/At
Page 412 and 413:
Bibliography Williamson, R. (1989)
Page 414 and 415:
Detaib of illustrations 4.3a Drawin
Page 416 and 417:
Index of texts cited 1. Literary Te
Page 418 and 419:
Index of texts cited Phlegon ofTral
Page 420 and 421:
Index of texts cited Vidman, Syllog
Page 422 and 423:
10.4d(iii) & (iv); tombs 4.13; see
Page 424 and 425:
12.3a; magical 11.6; Mithraic 12.5a
Page 426 and 427:
priests, traditional Roman 13.3; on
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