1 Earliest Rome

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./ Greeks and Greek influence so as to turn over to them the maintenance of the cult. After this, as tradition has it, something extraordinary occurred, something that might well create religious terror about ever changing rituals from their established order; lor although at the time of the reform there were twelve families of the Poritii, of which adult males numbered thirty, yet within a year every one of them, the entire clan, had died out. Not only was the name of the Potitii extinguished, but even the censor Appius was, owing to the enduring indignation of the gods, struck blind a few years later. 2 1. Appius Claudius Caecus (Caecus = 'the blind'); held the office of censorship in 312 B.C., the consulship in 307 and 296. The end of ibis stoiy (see also n. 2) offers an explanation for his name Caecus. 2. The story of the punishment visited on both the gem and the leading political figure sug gests that the reform was resisted and resented; it would also (as Livy implies) have pro vided a useful warning against further religious reforms. 1.7 Greeks and Greek influence in Rome Archaeological evidence, much of it newly discovered, shows that by the sixth century B.C. the Romans were exchanging cults, artistic skills and ideas with Greeks, Etruscans, even Carthaginians. These discoveries have overturned a view that scholars commonly used to hold, that Rome in its early centuries pre served in a pure form the original unchanging religion of the Latin race. The overall picture of Rome's foreign contacts at this date remains hard to recon struct; but even the fragmentary state of the evidence provides important information on the history of individual sites. 1.7a Servius Tullius and the temple ofFortuna Servius Tullius, the sixth king of Rome (reigning, according to tradition, 578-535 B.C.), was said to have founded a pair of temples in the city to Fortuna and Mater Matuta (see 1.6b n.3). Excavations near the Church of St Omobono between the Forum and the Forum Boarium have revealed a pair of temples of exactly the right date, which may well be those of Servius Tullius. See further: Vol. 1, Map 1 no. 23; Champeaux (1982-7) 1.249-333; Coarelli (1988) 205-328; Momigliano (1989) 76-9*; Grande Roma (1990) 111-30; Richardson (1992) 155 and 246*. 1.7a(i) A literary account of Servius' temple In this passage Dionysius describes a statue in the temple ofFortuna. Dionysius of Halicarnassus, Roman Antiquities IV'.40..7 Another prodigy demonstrated that he was beloved of the gods; it was as a result of this that the mythical and incredible ideas about his birth, which I mentioned before, 1 came to be accepted generally as the truth. For in the temple ofFortuna he had 19
I EARLIEST ROME buik himself, there stood a gilded wooden statue of him that survived undamaged when a fire destroyed everything eise around. Even today, although the tempie and its contents were ali restored after the fire, it is obvious that they result from recent art, but this statue is of ancient workmanship, as it was originally. It is still the object of veneration by the Romans. 2(1 1. Roman Antiquities IV.2; he was supposed to have been born after the miraculous appearance of a phallus in the hearth ofthe palače (see Vol. 1, 53). 1.7a(ii) Hercules and Minerva in the temple of Fortuna
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4 Religious places 78 This chapter
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RELIGIOUS FLAGES 4.13 The house-tom
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6 Sacrifices 148 Animal sacrifice,
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7 Divination and diviners 166 This
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8 Priests and priestesses 194 There
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IO. ROME OUTSIDE ROME 244 4. Milita
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11 Threats to the Roman order 260 R
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348 Paul and Peter pray for Victor.
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decemviri (sacris faciundis) see qu
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Deities and their epithets 370 Fort
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Bibliography 372 Cassius Dio, Roman
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Paul, Opinions: this work, compiled
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Attridge, H. W. (1978) 'The philoso
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Bibliography 378 Politics in the He
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Cameron, Averil (1969) 'Perronius a
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Bibliography 382 de See. Croix, G.
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Frickel, J. ( 1984) Hellenistische
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Gruen, E. S. (1990) Studies in Gree
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Kirsch, J. P. (1924) Der stadtrömi
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Bibliography 390 Long, A. A. (1974)
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Bibliography 392 Nock, A. D. (1925)
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Potter, D. (1991) Prophecy and Hist
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(1992) 'The religious roles of Roma
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Syme, R. (1978) 'Thepomerium'm the
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Walker, S. and Burnett, A. (1981) T
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Details of illustrations 1.5b(ii) L
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Detaih ofillustrations 404 6. If Re
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Gaius, Institutes ll. 1—11: 10.4c
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CI/72, 476, 523: 12.6d CILl 2 . 101
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General index References are to tex
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General index Dioscuri, see Castor
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General index festivals, sacrifices
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General index Tarquin the Elder (ki
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1 Earliest Rome

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