1 Earliest Rome

More documents

Recommendations

Info

12.-1 his bearers of the god, Cornelius Crescentianus . . . 5 12.4 Isis 1. Jupher Dolichenus orders the dedication to himself as 'preserver of the firmament' (cf. 12.3a) and to the Sun, 'the pre-eminent divinity', who is several times associated with Jupiter Dolichenus in <strong>Rome</strong>. Cf. Speidel (1978). 2. Jupiter Dolichenus is said to choose those who served him in higher positions. 3. We do not know the role of'the recorder', but he may have played a role in initiations. 4. 'The leaders of this place' seem to be a special set of patrons. 5- The last three names are grammatically distinct from the names of those chosen and probably mark the start of a list of candidates. [sis was a deity traditionally worshipped in Egypt. She was known to the Greeks since at least the fifth century B.C., when she was identified with the Greek Demerer, and her cult is found in Greece from the fourth century B.C. onwards. Under the Roman Empire it spread to the Latin West (Italy, Africa, Spain and Gaul). See further: Vol. 1, 264-6, 281-1, 287-8, 308-9; Witt (1971)*. 12.4a Praise of Isis, first century B.C. or early first century A.D. IGxn Supp. 14; Inschr. Kyme no.41 Characteristic of the cult of Isis - and apparently peculiar to it - were formalized hymns of praise ('aretalogies') in which the achievements of the goddess were listed. The text rhat follows - from a sanctuary of Isis at Kyme on the western coast of Asia Minor - is the best preserved of these hymns. It is written in Greek, but the original model of the hymns was at the temple of Hephaistos (Ptah) at Memphis in Egypt and from this were derived the various versions discovered in Egypt and Greece and those known to the Greek literary tradition. There has been much discussion of the language of the prototype at Memphis (Greek or Egyptian?). Was it part of native Egyptian thought, or was it composed by a Greek-speaking Egyptian for a Greek public? See further: Leclant (1984); Fowden (1986) 45-52*; Versnel (1990) 39-95. Demetrios son of Artemidoros, also called Thraseas, from Magnesia on the Maeander, fulfilled his vow to Isis. The following text was copied from the inscription in Memphis which is positioned in front of the temple of Hephaistos: I am Isis the tyrant of the whole land. I was educated by Hermes and with the help of Hermes devised both sacred and secular scripts, so that everything should not be written in the same script. I established laws for humans, and created legislation which no one has the power to change. I am the eldest daughter of Kronos. I am the wife and sister of King Osiris. I am she who invented crops for humans. 297
12. R E U G I O U S G R O U P S I am the mother of King Horus. I am she who rises in the Dog Star. I am she who is called God by women. By me was the city of Boubastos built. I divided earth from heaven. I appointed the paths of the stars. 1 regulated the passage of sun and moon. I invented fishing and seafaring. 1 made justice strong. I coupled woman and man. I arranged that women should bring babies to the light (20) after nine months. I legislated that parents be loved by their child. I inflicted punishment on those who are not affectionately disposed towards their parents. I, with my brother Osiris, ended cannibalism. I showed initiations to humans. I taught them to honour images of the gods. I founded sanctuaries of the gods. 1 ended the rule of tyrants. I ended murders. I forced women to be loved bv men. I made justice stronger than gold and silver. I legislated that truth be considered a fine thing. I invented marriage contracts. I assigned languages for Greeks and barbarians. 1 made good and evil be distinguished by nature. I made nothing more respected than the oath. I delivered the person plotting unjustly against another into the hands of the person plotted against. I inflict punishment on chose acting unjustly I legislated mercy for the suppliant. I honour those who avenge themselves with justice. By me justice is mighty. T am mistress of rivers, winds (40) and sea. No one is held in honour without my assent. I am mistress of war. I am mistress of the thunderbolt. 1 calm and agitate the sea. 1 am in the rays of the sun. 1 accompany the passage of the sun. Whatever 1 decide is actually accomplished. To me everything yields. 1 free those in chains. I am mistress of seamanship. I make the navigable unnavigable whenever 1 decide. I built the walls of cities. I am she who is called Thesmophoros. 1 1 raised islands from the deep to the light. I am mistress of rainstorms. 1 conquered fate. To me fate listens. Hail Egypt who nourished me. 1. 'Lawgiver', an epithet normally applied to the Greek goddess Demcter. 12.4b The revelation of his to Lucius This extract from Apuleius' novel (see also 5.6c and 8.8) describes first the appearance of [sis, with a promise of rescue, to the hero Lucius-who has been turned into an ass; and second Lucius' subsequent initiation into the cult of Isis at Corinth. The conversion of Lucius is the culmination of the search for knowledge that permeates the whole work (chough we must remember that it is a work ol fiction, not an autobiography); the passage clearly bears some relationship to cubic practice (cf. the hymn in 12.4a) and evokes the intense relationship between a deity and worshippers in the cult. Apuleius, MetamorphosesXI.5-6, 23-5 See further: Nock (1933) 138-55*; Griffiths (1975); Winkler (1985). To 1 am at hand moved by your prayers, Lucius, I the parent of the nature of things, mistress of all the elements, initial begetter of the ages, supreme of divine powers, queen of the shades of the dead, first of heavenly beings, the uniform countenance of gods 298
Page 2:
VOLUME 2 A Sourcebook M A R Y BEARD
Page 5 and 6:
Acknowledgements We would like to e
Page 7 and 8:
Judaism and Christianity) whose ori
Page 9 and 10:
Preface xii the religion of early R
Page 11 and 12:
Conventions and abbreviations XIV I
Page 13 and 14:
I EARLIEST ROME 2 Scullard (1981) 1
Page 15 and 16:
1 EARLIEST ROME Ovid, Fasti n.639-4
Page 17 and 18:
I EARLIEST ROME would have been die
Page 19 and 20:
T EARLIEST ROME words when he cross
Page 21 and 22:
I EARLIEST ROME Miletina, to the th
Page 23 and 24:
I EARLIEST ROME Pliny, Natural Hist
Page 25 and 26:
I EARLIEST ROME 14 See further: Cas
Page 27 and 28:
I EARLIEST ROME Livy History 1.45 1
Page 29 and 30:
I EARLIEST ROME AE{1979) 136 The co
Page 31 and 32:
I EARLIEST ROME buik himself, there
Page 33 and 34:
I EARLIEST ROME 22 ] .7c(ii) Hephae
Page 35 and 36:
I EARLIEST ROME literal truth of th
Page 37 and 38:
2 The deities of Rome 26 Throughout
Page 39 and 40:
28 THE DEITIES OF ROME 1. Trajan -
Page 41 and 42:
2. THE DEITIES OF ROME sometimes is
Page 43 and 44:
2. THE DEITIES OF ROME Ovid, Fasti
Page 45 and 46:
2. THE DEITIES OF ROME 2.3 The deif
Page 47 and 48:
2. THE DEITIES OF ROME 'schools' of
Page 49 and 50:
2. THE DEITIES OF ROME spear, shiel
Page 51 and 52:
2. THE DEITIES OF ROME no substance
Page 53 and 54:
2. THE DEITIES OF ROME 'Pythian Apo
Page 55 and 56:
2. THE DEITIES OF ROME statue, but
Page 57 and 58:
2. THE DEITIES OF ROME 46 1. A seac
Page 59 and 60:
2. THE DEITIES OI' ROME 2.7e Magna
Page 61 and 62:
2. THE DEITIES OF ROME Livy, Histor
Page 63 and 64:
1. THE DEITIES OF ROME 52 1. Antoni
Page 65 and 66:
2. T H E D E I T I E S O E R O M E
Page 67 and 68:
2. T H E DEITIES OF ROME Pectillus
Page 69 and 70:
2. THE DEITIES OF ROME V. Väänän
Page 71 and 72:
3 The calendar 60 The official stat
Page 73 and 74:
3 . T H E C A L E N D A R Deerassi
Page 75 and 76:
3- T H E C A L E N D A R G VINAL.
Page 77 and 78:
3- T H E C A L E N D A R prevent ru
Page 79 and 80:
3- T H E C A L E N D A R Degrassi (
Page 81 and 82:
3- T H E C A L E N D A R 3.4 A cale
Page 83 and 84:
3. T H E C A L E N D A R ] privileg
Page 85 and 86:
3- T H E C A L E N D A R and the a
Page 87 and 88:
3. T H E C A L E N D A R Ides of A
Page 89 and 90:
4 Religious places 78 This chapter
Page 91 and 92:
4· R E L I G I O U S P L A C E S 8
Page 93 and 94:
4· RELIGIOUS PLACES 4.2b Reconstru
Page 95 and 96:
4- R E L I G I O U S P L A C E S 84
Page 97 and 98:
4- R E L I G I O U S P L A C E S 4.
Page 99 and 100:
4- R E L I G I O U S P L A C E S an
Page 101 and 102:
4. R E L I G I O U S P L A G E S 3-
Page 103 and 104:
4. R E L I G I O U S P L A G E S Si
Page 105 and 106:
Page 107 and 108:
4- R E L I G I O U S P L A G E S 96
Page 109 and 110:
Page 111 and 112:
Page 113 and 114:
4- R E L I G I O U S P L A C E S an
Page 115 and 116:
RELIGIOUS FLAGES 4.13 The house-tom
Page 117 and 118:
4· RELIGIOUS PLACES 106 1. Richly
Page 119 and 120:
Page 121 and 122:
Page 123 and 124:
Page 125 and 126:
A C E S come to venerate the apostl
Page 127 and 128:
5 Festivals and ceremonies 116 Ritu
Page 129 and 130:
5- F E S T I V A L S A N D C E R E
Page 131 and 132:
Page 133 and 134:
S- F E S T I V A L S A N D C E R E
Page 135 and 136:
Page 137 and 138:
Page 139 and 140:
Page 141 and 142:
5- FESTIVALS AND CEREMONIES Livy, H
Page 143 and 144:
5- FESTIVALS AND CEREMONIES Servius
Page 145 and 146:
Page 147 and 148:
•). FESTIVALS AND CEREMONIES 136
Page 149 and 150:
Page 151 and 152:
Page 153 and 154:
5. F E S T I V A L S A N D C E R E
Page 155 and 156:
5. F E S T I V A L S A N D C E R E
Page 157 and 158:
5- F E S T I V A L S A M D C E R E
Page 159 and 160:
6 Sacrifices 148 Animal sacrifice,
Page 161 and 162:
6. SACRIFICES 150 Frieze from the a
Page 163 and 164:
6. . S A C R I F I C E S 8. Addenda
Page 165 and 166:
6. S A C R I F I C E S 6.3c The exp
Page 167 and 168:
6. S A C R I F I C E S not be vowed
Page 169 and 170:
6. S A C R I F I C E S than human,
Page 171 and 172:
6. S A C R I F I C E S Augustan His
Page 173 and 174:
6. S A C R I F I C E S lap in perso
Page 175 and 176:
6. S A C R I F I C E S same number
Page 177 and 178:
7 Divination and diviners 166 This
Page 179 and 180:
7- D I V I N A T I O N A N D D I V
Page 181 and 182:
7 D I V I N A T I O N A N D D I V I
Page 183 and 184:
J. D I V I N A T I O N A N D D I V
Page 185 and 186:
Page 187 and 188:
Page 189 and 190:
J, D I V I N A T I O N A N D D I V
Page 191 and 192:
Page 193 and 194:
Page 195 and 196:
Page 197 and 198:
D I V I N A T I O N A N D D I V I N
Page 199 and 200:
Page 201 and 202:
Page 203 and 204:
Page 205 and 206:
8 Priests and priestesses 194 There
Page 207 and 208:
8. P R I E S T S A N D P R I E S T
Page 209 and 210:
Page 211 and 212:
S. P R I E S T S A N D P R I E S T
Page 213 and 214:
Page 215 and 216:
Page 217 and 218:
Page 219 and 220:
Page 221 and 222:
Page 223 and 224:
Page 225 and 226:
Page 227 and 228:
9 Individuals and gods: life and de
Page 229 and 230:
9- I N D I V I D U A L S A N D G O
Page 231 and 232:
Page 233 and 234:
Page 235 and 236:
O.. I N D I V I D U A L S A N D G O
Page 237 and 238:
Page 239 and 240:
Page 241 and 242:
Page 243 and 244:
Page 245 and 246:
Page 247 and 248:
Page 249 and 250:
Page 251 and 252:
I O . R O M E O U T S I D E R O M E
Page 253 and 254:
I O . R O M E O U T S I D E R O M E
Page 255 and 256:
IO. ROME OUTSIDE ROME 244 4. Milita
Page 257 and 258: 1 0 . R O M E O U T S I D E R O M E
Page 259 and 260: 10. R O M E O U T S I D E R O M E A
Page 261 and 262: 1 0 . R O M E O U T S I D E R O M E
Page 263 and 264: I O . R O M E O U T S I D E R O M E
Page 271 and 272: 11 Threats to the Roman order 260 R
Page 273 and 274: I I . T H R E A T S T O T H E R O M
Page 289 and 290: IT. T H R E A T S T O T H E R O M A
Page 299 and 300: 12 Religious groups 288 As Roman re
Page 301 and 302: 12. R E L I G I O U S G R O U P S A
Page 303 and 304: 1 2 . R E L I G I O U S G R O U P S
Page 305 and 306: 12. R E L I G I O U S G R O U P S s
Page 307: 12. RELIGIOUS GROUPS Patron Suaerri
Page 311 and 312: 12. R E L I G I O U S G R O U P S a
Page 313 and 314: 12. R E L I G I O U S G R O U P S I
Page 315 and 316: 12. R E L I G I O U S G R O U P S t
Page 319 and 320: 12. R E L I G I O U S G R O U P S 5
Page 325 and 326: 12. R E L I G I O U S G R O U P S a
Page 327 and 328: 12. R E L I G I O U S G R O U P S G
Page 329 and 330: 12. R E L I G I O U S G R O U P S L
Page 335 and 336: 12. R E L I G I O U S G R O L I P S
Page 339 and 340: 12. R E L I G I O U S G R O U P S (
Page 343 and 344: 12. R E L I G I O U S G R O U P S T
Page 345 and 346: 12. R E L I G I O U S G R O U P S S
Page 349 and 350: 12. R E L I G I O U S G R O U P S G
Page 351 and 352: 12. R E L I G I O U S G R O U P S I
Page 353 and 354: 12. R E L I G I O U S G R O U P S T
Page 359 and 360:
348 Paul and Peter pray for Victor.
Page 361 and 362:
13- P E R S P E C T I V E S IGRiv.1
Page 363 and 364:
13- P E R S P E C T I V E S 13.2a A
Page 365 and 366:
13- P E R S P E C T I V E S accordi
Page 367 and 368:
13. P E R S P E C T I V E S drenche
Page 369 and 370:
13- P E R S P E C T I V E S 13.5 d
Page 371 and 372:
13- P E R S P E C T I V E S 13.7 A
Page 373 and 374:
13. P E R S P E C T I V E S Christ
Page 375 and 376:
13- P E R S P E C T I V E S Let us
Page 377 and 378:
decemviri (sacris faciundis) see qu
Page 379 and 380:
eligio (proper religious observance
Page 381 and 382:
Deities and their epithets 370 Fort
Page 383 and 384:
Bibliography 372 Cassius Dio, Roman
Page 385 and 386:
Paul, Opinions: this work, compiled
Page 387 and 388:
Attridge, H. W. (1978) 'The philoso
Page 389 and 390:
Bibliography 378 Politics in the He
Page 391 and 392:
Cameron, Averil (1969) 'Perronius a
Page 393 and 394:
Bibliography 382 de See. Croix, G.
Page 395 and 396:
Frickel, J. ( 1984) Hellenistische
Page 397 and 398:
Gruen, E. S. (1990) Studies in Gree
Page 399 and 400:
Kirsch, J. P. (1924) Der stadtrömi
Page 401 and 402:
Bibliography 390 Long, A. A. (1974)
Page 403 and 404:
Bibliography 392 Nock, A. D. (1925)
Page 405 and 406:
Potter, D. (1991) Prophecy and Hist
Page 407 and 408:
(1992) 'The religious roles of Roma
Page 409 and 410:
Syme, R. (1978) 'Thepomerium'm the
Page 411 and 412:
Walker, S. and Burnett, A. (1981) T
Page 413 and 414:
Details of illustrations 1.5b(ii) L
Page 415 and 416:
Detaih ofillustrations 404 6. If Re
Page 417 and 418:
Gaius, Institutes ll. 1—11: 10.4c
Page 419 and 420:
CI/72, 476, 523: 12.6d CILl 2 . 101
Page 421 and 422:
General index References are to tex
Page 423 and 424:
General index Dioscuri, see Castor
Page 425 and 426:
General index festivals, sacrifices
Page 427:
General index Tarquin the Elder (ki
show all

1 Earliest Rome

Create successful ePaper yourself

Delete template?

Save as template?