The histories of Herodotus;

171-173] HARPAGUS SUBDUES IONIA 67
am able to discover by inquiring into the remotest times, but,
whenever he required them, they manned his ships; and as
Minos subdued a large territory, and was successful in war,
the Carians were by far the most famous of all nations in those
times. They also introduced three inventions which the
Greeks have adopted. For the Carians set the example of
fastening crests upon helmets and of putting devices on
shields ; they are also
but until their time all
the first who put handles to shields
who used shields carried them without
handles, guiding them with leathern thongs, having them
slung round their necks and left shoulders. After a long
time had elapsed, the Dorians and Ionians drove the Carians
out of the islands, and so they came to the continent. This
then is the account that the Cretans give of the Carians : the
Carians themselves, however, do not admit its correctness
but consider themselves to be aboriginal inhabitants of the
continent, and always to have gone under the same name as
they now do. And in testimony of this they show an ancient
Temple of Jupiter Carius at Mylasa, which the Mysians and
Lydians share, as kinsmen to the Carians, for they say that
Lydus and Mysus were brothers to Car. Now they do share
the temple, but none who are of a different nation, though of
the same language with the Carians, are allowed to share it.
The Caunians, in my opinion, are aboriginals, though they
say they are from Crete. However, they have assimilated
their language to that of the Carians, or the Carians to theirs
for this I can not determine with certainty. Their customs
are totally distinct from those of other nations, even from the
Carians ; for they account it very becoming for men, women,
and boys to meet together to drink according to their age and
intimacy. They had formerly erected temples to foreign deities,
but afterward, when they changed their minds (for they
resolved to have none but their own national deities), all the
Caunians armed themselves, both young and old, and beating
the air with their spears, marched in a body to the Calindian
confines, and said they were expelling strange gods. They
then have such customs. The Lycians were originally sprung
from Crete, for in ancient time Crete was entirely in the possession
of barbarians. But a dispute having arisen between
Sarpedon and Minos, sons of Europa, respecting the sovereign
power, when Minos got the upper hand in the struggle,
he drove out Sarpedon with his partisans ; and they being
expelled came to the land of Milyas in Asia : for the country
which the Lycians now occupy was anciently called Milyas
but the Milyans were then called Solymi. So long as Sarpe-
;