Volume III, Appendices EM - National Marine Fisheries Service ...

More documents

Recommendations

Info

MARINE MAMMAL OIL SPILL RESPONSE GUIDELINES frozen), stored, and shipped; and where samples will be analyzed. Specific oil spill necropsy information and forms are detailed in Appendix 7-9. Tissue samples for standard histopathology, disease profiling, and petroleum hydrocarbon analysis should be collected. Sampling for oil exposure, must be performed under specific conditions detailed in Appendix 7, in order to prevent contamination of the sample. Necropsy reports are filed and all samples handled and stored using appropriate chain-of-custody protocols, as discussed previously (Data Collection) and provided by the trustee representative. Laboratories performing the petroleum analysis must be contacted as soon as possible in order to verify that sampling protocols and sample sizes are consistent with that specific laboratory requirement. Considerations in choosing the lab should include details of forensic capabilities (ability to produce legally defensible results), quality assurance and quality control (QA/QC), and consistency with the analysis of other materials from the spill. Results can vary between labs and data should be comparable between the environmental and tissues of the different species sampled. Appendix 8 lists laboratories (not an exhaustive list), with expertise in petroleum hydrocarbon chemistry that can be contacted for oil spill sample collection and analysis information. Petroleum hydrocarbon analysis is a reimbursable response expenses if pre-approved by the UC. However, often the RP (responsible party) assumes ownership of the oil and analysis may not be preformed. Petroleum and Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAH) Analysis In general, all crude oils are mixtures of the same hydrocarbon and non-hydrocarbon compounds, but vary in the percent composition of these compounds. Natural weathering of oil in the environment also results in highly variable compositions. Because of the continual dynamic changes in spilled oil, it can be difficult to identify and quantify all PAHs potentially present in or on an animal in the aftermath of an oil spill. Oil and tissue samples collected from marine mammals can be analyzed to determine the total amount of PAHs in tissues and identify and quantify dangerous PAHs that may have caused clinical and pathological effects. Samples can also be tested to characterize and fingerprint petroleum hydrocarbons to determine their source. Determining source-dependent petroleum exposure during an oil spill using GC/MS or HPLC techniques on marine mammal tissues requires baseline knowledge of petroleum hydrocarbon levels and composition in the spill area and of the spilled oil. At present there are few data available on PAH levels in marine mammals inhabiting North American coastal waters. Studies have only measured PAH levels in seals and whales from the Eastern Canada (Hellou et al., 1990, Zitko et al., 1998) and Northeastern United States (Lake et al., 1995). Overall, the low concentrations of bioaccumulated PAHs in tissues from these marine mammals are fairly similar to those reported in atmospheric fallout PAHs from combustion sources (Zitko et al., 1998). Alkylated and heterocyclic PAHs are the predominant forms of PAHs in oil and coal products, and can be missed if tissues are tested only for the 16 traditionally-studied, parent PAHs listed as priority pollutants by the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) and World Health Organization (WHO) (Means 1998). Different members of the isomeric alkylated PAHs exhibit differential toxicity, diffusion, and degradation rates, further emphasizing the importance of compound-specific analysis. With the lack of baseline PAH levels from marine mammals, control samples for comparisons were harvested at the time of Exxon Valdez oil spill from animals inhabiting nearby non-oiled areas (Mulcahy and Ballachey, 1994; Frost et al., 1994). 4/10/2006 Draf t 30
MARINE MAMMAL OIL SPILL RESPONSE GUIDELINES In experimental exposure studies (both immersion and ingestion) involving ringed seals (Phoca hispida), differences in detectability of PAHs in various tissues were noted (Engelhardt et al., 1977). In the immersion experiment, PAHs were highest in urine and bile, less elevated in blood and plasma, and lower in tissues (lowest in lung) at 2 days post-immersion. Tissue sampling in the ingestion study was limited with PAHs highest in blood, and higher in liver and blubber compared to muscle. These studies illuminate the importance of selecting appropriate tissues for PAH analysis. Specific tissue collection techniques are provided in Appendix 7. 4/10/2006 Draf t 31
Page 1:
Draft Programmatic Environmental Im
Page 5 and 6:
Table E-1. Protected and Sensitive
Page 7 and 8:
Page 9 and 10:
Page 11 and 12:
Page 13 and 14:
Page 15 and 16:
Bird Island Marine Sanctuary Table
Page 17 and 18:
Table E-7. Protected Fisheries Reso
Page 19 and 20:
Common Name Table E-10. Protected B
Page 21 and 22:
Common Name Table E-12. Protected B
Page 23 and 24:
Common Name Guam bridled white-eye
Page 25 and 26:
Table E-14. Marine Mammals Common i
Page 27 and 28:
Page 29 and 30:
Page 31 and 32:
Page 33 and 34:
Page 35 and 36:
Page 37 and 38:
Page 40 and 41:
Marine Mammal Stranding Network Org
Page 42 and 43:
Organization/Individual NMFS Southw
Page 44 and 45:
Organization/Individual NMFS Pacifi
Page 46 and 47:
Individual NMFS Southeast Region (c
Page 48 and 49:
Individual NMFS Alaska Region Organ
Page 50 and 51:
Individual NMFS Pacific Islands Reg
Page 53 and 54:
Teri Rowles, D.V.M., Ph.D. National
Page 55 and 56:
Authorization UNITED STATES DEPARTM
Page 57 and 58:
PROJECT I1 - ENHANCEMENT ACTIVITIES
Page 59 and 60:
. Euthanasia 1) 2) The NMFS Nationa
Page 61 and 62:
g. The Holder/PI must not harass or
Page 63 and 64:
meets the minimum standards of coll
Page 65 and 66:
2) Live captures; Stranding respons
Page 67 and 68:
4. Persons who require state, Feder
Page 69 and 70:
1 1. Any falsification of informati
Page 71 and 72:
Florida Keys National Marine Sanctu
Page 73 and 74:
Seattle, Washington 981 58 Blaine 9
Page 75 and 76:
50 CFR $21 6.37 Marine mammal parts
Page 77:
APPENDIX H GENERAL DESCRIPTIONS OF
Page 80 and 81:
oats. Animals are located by having
Page 82 and 83:
In some cases, animals may need to
Page 84 and 85:
ecorders (TDRs), life history trans
Page 86 and 87:
LHX tags are satellite linked, dela
Page 88 and 89:
analyzed. During live animal respon
Page 90 and 91:
1.1.12 Ultrasound Sampling Ultrasou
Page 92 and 93:
interfaced to a laptop computer. Th
Page 94 and 95:
Recording, ground, and reference su
Page 96 and 97:
2. Future ESA/MMPA Permit Activitie
Page 98 and 99:
3. References Dierauf 1994 Dierauf,
Page 100 and 101:
4. Acronyms ABR Auditory Brainstem
Page 103 and 104:
Table 1. Proposed activities over a
Page 105 and 106:
Table 1. Proposed activities over a
Page 108 and 109:
PERSISTENT CONTAMINANTS IN SELECTED
Page 110 and 111:
Table 2. Metadata for Persistent Or
Page 112 and 113:
(PCDDs) oxygen atoms. Like PCBs, PC
Page 114 and 115:
Although no physiologic requirement
Page 116 and 117:
II.B. Concentrations of environment
Page 118 and 119:
species targeted in this review, Ca
Page 120 and 121:
data exist pertaining to contaminan
Page 122 and 123:
_____, 2002c. Draft toxicological p
Page 124 and 125:
Houde, M, Wells, R, Fair, P, Bossar
Page 126 and 127:
Neale, J., Gulland, F., Schmeltzer,
Page 128 and 129:
Tuerk, K, Kucklick, J., Becker, P.,
Page 130 and 131:
Table 1. Summary of Concentrations
Page 132 and 133:
Table 3. Polychlorinated dibenzo-p-
Page 134 and 135:
Appendix III. Mercury, Cadmium, Lea
Page 136 and 137:
Cadmium (Cd) (continued) Species Ti
Page 138 and 139:
Lead (Pb) (continued) Mean Date Spe
Page 140 and 141:
h Standard error of the mean i For
Page 142 and 143:
Euthanasia Questionnaire Response S
Page 145 and 146:
Prescott Overview FY01-07 Running T
Page 147 and 148: YEAR STATE APPLICANT TITLE 2002 200
Page 153 and 154: YEAR STATE APPLICANT TITLE FEDERAL
Page 157 and 158: YEAR STATE APPLICANT TITLE 2005 FL
Page 159 and 160: YEAR STATE APPLICANT TITLE FEDERAL
Page 161: APPENDIX L MARINE MAMMAL OIL SPILL
Page 164 and 165: This page left blank intentionally
Page 166 and 167: NOTICE MARINE MAMMAL OIL SPILL RESP
Page 168 and 169: MARINE MAMMAL OIL SPILL RESPONSE GU
Page 172 and 173: Organizational Structure Organizati
Page 176 and 177: Stranding Network and Facility Requ
Page 180 and 181: Sample Collection and Label: It is
Page 184 and 185: Wildlife Recovery and Transportatio
Page 188 and 189: Intake Procedures Initial Intake Pr
Page 192 and 193: Animal Washing and Continued Care G
Page 196 and 197: Disposition Release The goal in reh
Page 206 and 207: Appendix 1. Search Effort Log Searc
Page 208 and 209: Appendix 2b. Live Marine Mammal Dat
Page 210 and 211: Appendix 3b. Dead Marine Mammal Dat
Page 212 and 213: Appendix 5. Oiled Marine Mammal Dai
Page 214 and 215: Appendix 7. Petroleum Hydrocarbon T
Page 216 and 217: Appendix 8. Oil Spill Response Labo
Page 218 and 219: Appendix 10. Chain of Custody Form
Page 220 and 221: Intentional Blank Page
Page 223 and 224: Table 1: Summary of overall statewi
Page 225 and 226: Table 3: Summary of statewide infor
show all

Volume III, Appendices EM - National Marine Fisheries Service ...

Create successful ePaper yourself

Delete template?

Save as template?