Impact of Drivetrain on Wind Farm VAR Control - Upwind

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UPWIND 4.2 Brushless-Type Excitation System A brushless-type excitation system has a rotating diode bridge rectifier on the same shaft with the exciter armature and the main generator field. Therefore, the need for slip ring and brushes is eliminated. The DC output from the rotating rectifier is directly fed to the main generator field. The stationary field voltage <strong>of</strong> the exciter is controlled and consequently the AC exciter voltage is regulated, which in turn controls the DC field <strong>of</strong> the main generator through the diode bridge rectifier. The excitation system time response has an impact on the system response and the design <strong>of</strong> the VAR control. It is supplied from the main generator voltage and, therefore, is affected by grid disturbance events. 4.2.1 Performance <strong>of</strong> Brushless-Type Excitation System The block diagram <strong>of</strong> the brushless-type excitation system is shown in Figure 4-12. The control is performed using a PID controller. The parameters <strong>of</strong> the excitation system are listed in Table 4-8 [6]. VWTG_ref + - K pe + K K ie + de s 1+ sT d Emin Emax Ke 1+ sT e X Efd Generator Deliverable D5.9.1 50 VWTG Figure 4-12. Brushless excitation control block diagram. 1 1 + s T′ do VWTG Table 4-8. Parameters <strong>of</strong> control block diagrm <strong>of</strong> brushless excitation system. Parameter Description Value Td Voltage regulator derivative time constant (sec) 0.1 Tb Denominator time constant <strong>of</strong> lead-lag block (sec) 30 Kpe Voltage regulator proportional gain 40 Kie Voltage regulator integral gain 7 Kde Voltage regulator derivative gain 20 Ke Exciter field proportional constant 1 Te Exciter field time constant (sec) 1.2 T’do Direct axis transient generator time constant (sec) 6.5 The open loop frequency response characteristic <strong>of</strong> the brushless excitation system is shown in Figure 4-13. The response has an infinite gain margin, and a phase margin <strong>of</strong> 61° at the 0dB cross over frequency <strong>of</strong> 3.15 rad/sec. The closed loop system is stable with fast time response achieved through the tuning <strong>of</strong> the excitation system control parameters. The closed loop Bode plot is shown in Figure 4-14. The 3dB bandwidth is 4.82 rad/. The peak value <strong>of</strong> the gain is about 0.97 dB at 1.83 rad/sec. The absence <strong>of</strong> a dominant resonant peak confirms the damped nature <strong>of</strong> the voltage response with very little voltage overshoot. This satisfies the recommended value in the IEEE Std. 421.2-1990 for guidance towards the evaluation <strong>of</strong> dynamic response <strong>of</strong> excitation control systems [7]. The response to a step capacitive load impedance, with values similar to those applied to investigate the performance <strong>of</strong> static-type excitation system, is shown in Figure 4-15 with all WTGs in service and in Figure 4-16 with half <strong>of</strong> the WTGs. The response <strong>of</strong> the WTG terminal voltage is relatively damped for both cases and is slightly faster with all WTGs connected but the difference is not significant.
UPWIND Magnitude (dB) Phase (deg) 60 40 20 0 -20 -40 -60 -80 -90 -120 -150 G.M.: Inf Freq: Inf Stable loop 10 -2 10 -1 P.M.: 61.1 deg Freq: 3.15 rad/sec -180 Open-Loop Bode Diagram Bode Editor (C) 10 0 10 1 Frequency (rad/sec) Figure 4-13. Open loop Bode diagram <strong>of</strong> the brushless excitation system. Deliverable D5.9.1 51 10 2 10 3
Page 1 and 2: Project UpWind Contract No.: 019945
Page 3 and 4: UPWIND Contents Executive Summary .
Page 5 and 6: UPWIND Figure 4-21. System response
Page 7 and 8: UPWIND Glossary DFIG Doubly Fed Ind
Page 9 and 10: UPWIND conventional synchronous mac
Page 11 and 12: UPWIND dynamic model basis as in th
Page 13 and 14: UPWIND available wind power is less
Page 15 and 16: UPWIND Table 2-2. Wind farm system
Page 17 and 18: UPWIND 3. Wind Farm VAR Control for
Page 19 and 20: UPWIND 3.1.3 Wind Farm VAR Control
Page 21 and 22: UPWIND SCR:20 SCR:5 y-axis (min) y-
Page 23 and 24: UPWIND SCR:20 SCR:5 SCR:3 Figure 3-
Page 27 and 28: UPWIND +/- 10% of
Page 29 and 30: UPWIND Scenario Case SCR MVA base W
Page 31 and 32: UPWIND Table 4-1. Parameters <stron
Page 33 and 34: UPWIND Magnitude (dB) Phase (deg) 2
Page 37 and 38: UPWIND 20 3 0.2 1.65 3.3 5 3 0.49 0
Page 39 and 40: UPWIND 4.1.5 Results Summary and Co
Page 41 and 42: UPWIND Table 4-4. Summary results <
Page 43 and 44: UPWIND Given knowledge of</
Page 45 and 46: UPWIND reactance (Xgrid). The ratio
Page 49: UPWIND Table 4-7. Summary results <
Page 55 and 56: UPWIND Vreg_ref + - K K i p ( 1+ s)
Page 57 and 58: UPWIND • Scenario 3: With half po
Page 59 and 60: UPWIND 4.2.4 Wind Farm VAR Control
Page 63 and 64: UPWIND 4.2.5 Test Cases and Results
Page 65 and 66: UPWIND 5. Summary Wind farms can be

Impact of Drivetrain on Wind Farm VAR Control - Upwind

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