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HClNC Vegetation Classification & mapping Project: Volume 1: Vegetation Classification Technical Report Modiola caroliniana (Red-flowered Mallow, 80%), Verbena bonariensis (Purpletop, 60%), Sonchus asper subsp. glaucescens (Prickly Sowthistle, 40%), Bromus catharticus (Praire Grass, 80%), Phalaris aquatica (Phalaris, 40%), Echium plantagineum (Patterson’s Curse, 60%), Paspalum dilatatum (Paspalum, 60%), Vicia sativa subsp. angustifolia (Narrow-leaved Vetch, 40%), Salvia reflexa (Mintweed, 40%), Sisymbrium irio (London Rocket, 40%), Alternanthera pungens (Khaki Weed, 40%), Marrubium vulgare (Horehound, 100%), Bidens subalternans (Greater Beggar’s Ticks, 40%), Conyza bonariensis (Flaxleaf Fleabane, 40%), Chenopodium album (Fat Hen, 40%), Taraxacum officinale (Dandelion, 80%), Rumex crispus (Curled Dock, 40%), Vicia sativa subsp. sativa (Common Vetch, 40%), Sonchus oleraceus (Common Sowthistle, 40%), Hypochaeris radicata (Catsear, 40%), Hirschfeldia incana (Buchan Weed, 60%), Solanum nigrum (Black-berry Nightshade, 60%), Xanthium spinosum (Bathurst Burr, 100%), Hordeum leporinum (Barley Grass, 60%), Lepidium africanum (40%) and Vicia sativa (40%). Within the study area this community is distributed on riparian sites on clays of the Merriwa plateau, western Upper Hunter. MU 196 — River Red Gum / River Oak riparian woodland of the Hunter Valley Open riparian forests characterised by an overstorey dominated by Eucalyptus camaldulensis. The river oak Casuarina cunninghamiana may also be present at some sites as a dominant canopy species, however, further research would be needed to clarify the relationship between sites dominated by E. camaldulensis and those dominated by C. cunninghamiana. The ground layer is typically grassy and may be dominated by Cynodon dactylon (see comment above regarding status of this species), with Austrostipa verticillata also common. Scattered or localised forbs are also commonly present in the ground layer, including Urtica incisa, Dichondra repens and Alternanthera denticulata. Numerous naturalised species were recorded at more than 25% of sites in this community, including Aster subulatus (Wild Aster, 40%), Trifolium repens (White Clover, 30%), Silybum marianum (Variegated Thistle, 50%), Setaria gracilis (Slender Pigeon Grass, 30%), Verbena bonariensis (Purpletop, 30%), Ehrharta erecta (Panic Veldtgrass, 50%), Sida rhombifolia (Paddy’s Lucerne, 70%), Pennisetum clandestinum (Kikuyu Grass, 30%), Senecio madagascariensis (Fireweed, 40%), Taraxacum officinale (Dandelion, 40%), Sonchus oleraceus (Common Sowthistle, 30%), Stellaria media (Common Chickweed, 30%), Bidens pilosa (Cobbler’s Pegs, 40%) and Cardiospermum grandiflorum (Balloon Vine, 30%). This community is distributed within the community on alluvial riparian sites in the Central and Upper Hunter, mainly on clays and sands. MU 196 has particular regional conservation significance as it represents the Endangered River Red Gum population in the Hunter Catchment. 4.3.5.8 FReSHWaTeR WeTLaNDS MU 197 — Baloskion pallens / Wallum Bottlebrush wallum sedge heath of the Lower North Coast Wet heath characterised by Callistemon pachyphyllus, with other common shrubs including Melaleuca thymifolia, Banksia oblongifolia, B. ericifolia and Boronia parviflora. M. quinquenervia is also commonly present as an emergent tree. The ground layer is typically wet and dominated by sedges and other graminoids, characteristically including Leptocarpus tenax, along with Schoenus brevifolius, Baloskion pallens, Xyris operculata, Baumea teretifolia and Chorizandra sphaerocephala. Common grasses include Entolasia stricta and Ischaemum 132
133 CHaPTeR 4 Results australe, and common ferns and allies include Blechnum indicum and Selaginella uliginosa. Semi-aquatic forbs, such as Villarsia exaltata, are also commonly present. Within the study area, this community occurs on poorly drained sites on Quaternary barrier sands of the Lower North Coast and Central Coast. MU 198 — Cladium procerum wetland Freshwater wetlands strongly dominated by Cladium procerum. Various emergent trees may occur in this community, including Eucalyptus robusta, Livistona australis and Casuarina glauca. Naturalised species commonly recorded in this community include Ageratina adenophora (Crofton Weed, 100%), Erechtites valerianifolia (Brazilian Fireweed, 100%) and Hydrocotyle bonariensis (100%). This community occurs within the study area on poorly drained sites on barrier sands of the Central Coast. MU 198 forms part of the Endangered Ecological Community ‘Freshwater wetlands on coastal floodplains of the NSW North Coast; Sydney Basin and South East Corner bioregions’ (DECC 2009). MU 199 — Water Couch / Spike rush freshwater wetland of the Central Coast and Lower Hunter Freshwater wetlands characterised by Eleocharis sphacelata and Paspalum distichum, with Melaleuca linariifolia often occurring as an emergent shrub. Other common graminoids include Juncus usitatus, and the grass Cynodon dactylon is also often present. In addition, various forbs, including aquatic and semi-aquatic herbs, are also commonly present, such as Epaltes australis, Ludwigia peploides, Persicaria decipiens, P. hydropiper and Alternanthera denticulata. Commonly recorded naturalised species in this community include Cyperus eragrostis (Umbrella Sedge, 50%) and Senecio madagascariensis (Fireweed, 50%). Within the study area, this community occurs on poorly drained sites on coastal lowlands of the Central Coast. MU 199 forms part of the Endangered Ecological Community ‘Freshwater wetlands on coastal floodplains of the NSW North Coast; Sydney Basin and South East Corner bioregions’ (DECC 2009). MU 200 — Typha rushland Rushlands strongly dominated by Typha orientalis and occasionally including Melaleuca quinquenervia as an emergent tree. Various other graminoids and forbs common to wet areas may also be present, including Cladium procerum, Persicaria strigosa and Hydrocotyle bonariensis. Commonly recorded naturalised species at sites in this community include Alternanthera philoxeroides (Alligator Weed, 29%) and Hydrocotyle bonariensis (29%). Within the study area, this community occurs on the margins of freshwater water bodies on the Central Coast and Lower North Coast. MU 200 forms part of the Endangered Ecological Community ‘Freshwater wetlands on coastal floodplains of the NSW North Coast; Sydney Basin and South East Corner bioregions’ (DECC 2009). MU 201 — Spirodella freshwater wetland Freshwater wetlands characterised by the floating aquatic herb Spirodella punctata. Commonly recorded naturalised species include Eichhornia crassipes (Water Hyacinth, 100%), Cyperus eragrostis (Umbrella Sedge, 33%), Myriophyllum aquaticum (Parrots Feather, 33%) and Isolepis prolifera (67%).
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Hunter, Central & Lower North Coast
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Classification Expert Review Panel
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3.4 Vegetation community analysis .
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CHaPter 2 Vegetation of the study a
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