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HClNC Vegetation Classification & mapping Project: Volume 1: Vegetation Classification Technical Report
including various mesic shrubs such as Pittosporum undulatum and Diospyros australis. The
shrub / grass understorey typically consists of an open layer of shrubs such as Persoonia
linearis and Breynia oblongifolia over a predominately grassy ground layer dominated by
Poa sieberiana. The ground layer also commonly includes various ferns such as Adiantum
formosum and Doodia aspera, graminoids such as Dianella caerulea, Lepidosperma laterale and
Gymnostachys anceps and scattered forbs including Oxalis chnoodes and Pratia purpurascens.
No naturalised species were commonly recorded for this community.
Within the study area this community occurs on foothills of the Lower North Coast at mid
to higher elevations on a range substrates of varying fertility.
MU 40 — Blackbutt / Turpentine / Forest Oak shrub / fern open forest
Open forests dominated by Eucalyptus pilularis, Angophora costata and Syncarpia glomulifera.
The semi-mesic understorey includes a sparse small tree layer dominated by Allocasuarina
torulosa and often including Glochidion ferdinandi and a shrub layer commonly including
Persoonia linearis and Polyscias sambucifolia. Various vines, including Pandorea pandorana,
are typically present in the understorey. The ground layer is characteristically ferny and
dominated by Doodia aspera, Calochlaena dubia and Blechnum cartilagineum, with patchy
grasses including Entolasia stricta. This community is highly susceptible to invasion by
Lantana (Lantana camara) with this species being recorded at 88% of sites. The only other
weed species commonly recorded was Camphor Laurel (Cinnamomum camphora) which
was recorded in 29% of sites.
This community is found mainly on sandstone substrates and occurs within the community
on the hinterland of the Central Coast at lower elevations.
MU 41 — Turpentine / Forest Oak moist shrubby open forest
Moist open forests with a canopy dominated by Syncarpia glomulifera and commonly
including Angohpora floribunda, with various other eucalypts, such as Eucalyptus paniculata
and E. pilularis, less commonly found. An open small tree layer including Allocasuarina
torulosa, Glochidion ferdinandi and Clerodendrum tomentosum is often present. The denser
shrub layer may include various species such as Persoonia linearis, Maytenus silvestris and
Polyscias sambucifolia. The ground layer is typically dominated by ferns including Doodia
aspera, Calochlaena dubia and Adiantum aethiopicum, along with scattered grasses such as
Entolasia stricta, Oplismenus imbecillis and patches of Imperata cylindrica in more open areas.
The most commonly recorded naturalised species in this community was Lantana (Lantana
camara, 30%).
Within the study area, this community occurs on the ranges of the Sydney Basin at lower
elevations on lower fertility substrates, mainly sandstones and conglomerates.
MU 42 — White Mahogany / Turpentine moist shrubby open forest
Shrubby open forests with a mixed canopy including Syncarpia glomulifera and Eucalyptus
acmenoides, with E. saligna and E. siderophloia also often present. The semi-mesic understorey
commonly includes various tall shrubs and small trees such as Callistemon salignus, Acacia
maidenii, Diospyros australis and Allocasuarina torulosa. Smaller shrubs commonly present
include Rhodamnia rubescens, Pittosporum revolutum, Notelaea longifolia and Croton verreauxii,
with various climbers including Cissus antarctica, C. hypoglauca and Dioscorea transversa also
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