Donepezil, rivastigmine, galantamine and memantine for ...

1. Clegg A, Bryant J, Nicholson T, McIntyre L,
De Broe S, Gerard K, et al. Clinical and costeffectiveness
of donepezil, rivastigmine and
galantamine for Alzheimer’s disease: a rapid and
systematic review. Health Technol Assess 2001;
5(1).
2. Ritchie K, Lovestone S. The dementias. Lancet
2002;360:1759–66.
3. Fratiglioni L, De Ronchi D, Aguero-Torres H.
Worldwide prevalence and incidence of dementia.
Drugs Aging 1999;15:365–75.
4. Rocca WA, Hofman A, Brayne C, Breteler MM,
Clarke M, Copeland JR, et al. The prevalence of
vascular dementia in Europe: facts and fragments
from 1980–1990 studies. EURODEM-Prevalence
Research Group. Ann Neurol 1991;30:817–24.
5. Andreasen N, Blennow K, Sjodin C, Winblad B,
Svardsudd K. Prevalence and incidence of
clinically diagnosed memory impairments in a
geographically defined general population in
Sweden. The Pitea Dementia Project.
Neuroepidemiology 1999;18:144–55.
6. Kalaria R. Similarities between Alzheimer’s disease
and vascular dementia. J Neurol Sci 2002;203:29–34.
7. McKhann G, Drachman D, Folstein M, Katzman R,
Price D, Stadlan E. Clinical diagnosis of
Alzheimer’s disease: report of the NINCDS-
ADRDA Work Group under the auspices of the
Department of Health and Human Services Task
Force on Alzheimer’s Disease. Neurology 1984;
34:939–44.
8. Sandson TA, Price B. Diagnostic testing and
dementia. Neurol Clin 1996;14:45–59.
9. Lobo A, Launer LJ, Fratiglioni L, Andersen K,
Di Carlo A, Breteler MM, et al. Prevalence of
dementia and major subtypes in Europe: a
collaborative study of population-based cohorts.
Neurologic Diseases in the Elderly Research
Group. Neurology 2000;54 (Suppl 5):Suppl-9.
10. Rocca WA. Frequency and distribution of
Alzheimer’s disease in Europe: a collaborative
study of 1980–1990 prevalence findings. Ann
Neurol 1991;30:381–90.
11. Chui HC, Victoroff JI, Margolin D, Jagust W,
Shankle R, Katzman R. Criteria for the diagnosis
of ischemic vascular dementia proposed by the
State of California Alzheimer’s Disease Diagnostic
and Treatment Centers. Neurology 1992;42:473–80.
References
© Queen’s Printer and Controller of HMSO 2006. All rights reserved.
Health Technology Assessment 2006; Vol. 10: No. 1
12. Gold G, Giannakopoulos P, Montes-Paixao JC,
Herrmann FR, Mulligan R, Michel JP, et al.
Sensitivity and specificity of newly proposed
clinical criteria for possible vascular dementia.
Neurology 1997;49:690–4.
13. Zekry D, Hauw JJ, Gold G. Mixed dementia:
epidemiology, diagnosis, and treatment. J Am
Geriatr Soc 2002;50:1431–8.
14. Gearing M, Mirra SS, Hedreen JC, Sumi SM,
Hansen LA, Heyman A. The Consortium to
Establish a Registry for Alzheimer’s Disease
(CERAD). Part X. Neuropathology confirmation of
the clinical diagnosis of Alzheimer’s disease.
Neurology 1995;45:t-6.
15. Hofman A, Rocca WA, Brayne C, Breteler MM,
Clarke M, Cooper B, et al. The prevalence of
dementia in Europe: a collaborative study of
1980–1990 findings. Eurodem Prevalence
Research Group. Int J Epidemiol 1991;20:736–48.
16. Jagger C, Clarke M, Stone A. Predictors of survival
with Alzheimer’s disease: a community based
study. Psychol Med 1995;25:171–7.
17. Walsh J, Welch G, Larson E. Survival of
outpatients with Alzheimer-type dementia. Ann
Intern Med 1990;113:429–34.
18. Pitt FA, Chilcott J, Golightly P, Sykes J,
Whittingham M. A review of the use of donepezil in
the treatment of Alzheimer’s disease. Sheffield, Trent
Institute for Health Services Research,
Universities of Leicester, Nottingham and
Sheffield. Guidance Notes for Purchasers. Report
No. 97/09; 1997.
19. Evans D, Smith LA, Scherr P, Albert M,
Funkenstein HH, Hebert L. Risk of death from
Alzheimer’s disease in a community population of
older persons. Am J Epidemiol 1991;134:403–12.
20. UK Government Actuary’s Department.
Population by age last birthday by single year of
age; England and Wales 2002. URL:
http://www.gad.gov.uk/Population/index.asp?v=
Principal&y=2002&subYear=Continue. Accessed
July 2004.
21. Copeland JR, McCracken CF, Dewey ME,
Wilson KC, Doran M, Gilmore C, et al.
Undifferentiated dementia, Alzheimer’s disease
and vascular dementia: age- and gender-related
incidence in Liverpool. The MRC-ALPHA Study.
Br J Psychiatry 1999;175:433–8.
153