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$Wetenschap - \Nijverheid- Handel$

154 The mandibles are strong, and always without palps. The anterior maxillae are normal, with 2 masticatory lobes, the inner of which carries on the tip 2 or 3 brush-like setse. The posterior maxillae, on the other hand, exhibit a rather different appearance from those in most other Isopoda, being laminar, with only a very slight indication of a subdivision into lobes. The maxillipeds do not completely cover the other oral parts, and they have the terminal part more or less reduced. The marsupial pouch in the female is composed of 4 pairs of broad lamellae is- suing from the bases of the 2nd to 5th pairs of legs. The appendages of the metasome are 6 pairs, the 5 anterior of which are respiratory in character, the inner plate being of a very delicate spongy structure, whereas the outer is more strongly chitinized and covers the inner like an operculum. In some cases this opercular plate contains on the 2 anterior pairs, more rarely on all the pairs, air-cavities or pseudo-trachese. In the male, the inner plate of the 2nd, and often also of the 1st pair, is peculiarly modified, to serve for copulative purposes. The last pair of appendages represent the uropoda. They are, as a rule, birarnose, with the rarni uniarticulate, and they project more or less behind. The forms belonging to this tribe are generally found in damp situations, beneath leaves, stones or timber, often in great numbers, and feeding, it would seem, on both animal and vegetable matter. They all seem to avoid the full light of day, and some forms even lead a true subterranean existence, in which case the eyes are often found to be rudimentary or wholly absent. As to the respiration, it cannot properly be said to be an exclusive air-breathing in the same sense as in insects. It is in fact to some extent branchial, and therefore a certain amount of atmospheric moisture is indispensable to their existence. It is for this reason, that in very dry weather these animals seem almost wholly to disappear, retiring more or less deeply into crevices and hollows, where some moisture still remains. The tribe has been divided into 2 sections, viz., the LigicB and the Onisci. Both of these sections may conveniently be subdivided into several families. Of such families 4 are represented in the fauna of Norway, and will be treated of below. Among the several authors, who have made the present tribe their special study, must be named the Danish zoologist, Mr. Budde-Lund, who in his admirable work, "Crustacea isopoda terrestria", has treated of all species at that time known, both indigenous and foreign, amounting in all to several hundreds. It is to be regretted that this valuable work is accompanied by no figures.
155 Fam. 1 . Ligiidae. Characters. Body oval, more or less convex above, with the lateral parts of the segments lamellar. Cephalon without any lateral lobes, frontal part rounded and not distinctly denned from the epistome. Eyes well developed or want- ing. Antennulse with the last joint very small and without distinctly developed sensory filaments. Antennae well developed, with multiarticulate tlagellum. Buccal mass rather prominent. Mandibles with the molar expansion large and broad, exhibiting a finely-fluted, triturating surface. Inner masticatory lobe of the anterior maxillae with 3 thick, hairy bristles. Posterior maxillae with 2 similar bristles inside. Maxillipeds with the terminal part distinctly 5-articulate, masticatory lobe truncate at the tip, epignath rather short. External sexual appendages in male double. Inner ramus of 1st pair of pleopoda of a similar structure in the 2 sexes, that of 2nd pair in male terminating in a long stylet, slightly dilated at the tip ; opercular plate of pleopoda without air-chambers. Uropoda freely pro- jecting behind, both rami styliform. Remarks. In the restriction here adopted, this family comprises as yet 5 genera, viz., Ligia, Ligidium, lithanetes, Styloniscus and Stymphalus, all of which are distinguished from the other Oniscoida, among other things, by the multiarticulate antennal flagellum, by the double external sexual appendages of the male, and by the inner ramus of the 1st pair of pleopoda in male not being transformed into copulative organs. Moreover the wholly exposed uropoda may serve as an easily recognisable distinguishing character. Of the above-named genera, the first 2 will be treated of below. Gen. Llgla, Fabricius, 1798. Generic Characters. Body regularly oval, or oblong oval, moderately convex above, with the metasome not abruptly contracted; last segment rather broad with distinct epimeral plates. Eyes large and convex. Antennulse very small, with the last joint rudimentary, nodiform. Antennae rather strong and elongated. Mandibles with a ciliated lappet and numerous penicils behind the cutting part. Maxillipeds comparatively short and stout, with the terminal part rather expanded, epignath rounded. Legs gradually increasing in length posteriorly, dactylus distinctly bi-ungui culate. Opercular plate of uropoda sub-branchial. Uropoda more
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AN ACCOUNT OF THE CRUSTACEA OF NORW
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BERGEN. JOHN GRIEG
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VI Copenhagen Museum, who have kind
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VIII H. J. Hansen. Oversigt af de p
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X C. Bovattius. Notes on the family
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thus meriting the name of true gnat
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Tribe 1. CHELIFERA. Body generally
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of legs. In the structure of the or
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8 fied with Apseudes talpa of Monta
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10 in female rather strong, hand ve
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12 flagellum. Inferior antennae a l
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14 Tanais, on separate lobes. Super
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16 Gen. 2. Paratanais, Dana, 1852.
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18 the genus Parataitais. Inferior
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20 robust than in T. tenuimanus, wi
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22 Remark*. - This form was first r
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24 free segment of mesosonie longer
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26 Occurrence. Only 2 female specim
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28 Distribution. -- Off Reykjavik,
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30 projection not denned from the b
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32 Imt slightly setous. Chelipeds s
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34 Cryptocope abbreviata, (PL XV, f
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Occurrence. I have met with this fo
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38 wholly absent, in male normally
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Apseudidee. G.O. S ars, autogr . I
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Ta na i d ae. 6.0. S ars, autogr. "
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Jar. aid se. G.O. S ars, autogr. I
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Ta n a i d ae. G. 0. S ars, autogr
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Ta naid as. G.O. S ars, autogr. I s
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Is Ta n a i d as . G.O. S ars, auto
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Ta n a i d as. G.O. S srs, autogr.
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40 1. Pseudotanais forcipatus (Lill
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42 form; carpal spine of the succee
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44 without distinct coxal plates. M
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46 first 2 segments of mesosome som
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long sensory 48 filaments. Mandible
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50 Fam. 2. Gnathiidae. r*. Body of
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52 Praniza might be the female of A
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54 2. Gnathia dentata, (PI. XXII. f
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56 Distribution. Greenland (Kroyer)
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58 Gen. 1. ^Ega, Leach, 1815. Gener
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60 2. &g& tridens, Leach. (Pi. XXV,
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62 the end of the propodos, inside
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64 7. ^Ega ventrosa, (PL XXVI, fig.
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66 spinules. Eyes very large, nearl
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68 Remarks. The above diagnosis ref
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70 hroad, coarsely spinous at the t
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72 Anterior pairs of legs nearly as
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74 mentary stars, arranged in trans
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76 Limnoria lignorum (Eathke). (PI.
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Tribe 3. VALVIFERA. Remarks. The ch
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80 E. Miers 1 ), the genus comprise
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Ta na i d SB. G.O. S ars, autogr. I
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Anthuridae. G.O. S ars, autogr . I
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Gnathiidae. G. 0. S BTS, autogr . I
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tgidae. G.O.Sars. autogr. I s opo d
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fegidae. G. 0. S ars, autogr . Is o
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G.O. S ars, autogr . I s opo da. PI
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Cirolanid I s opo da. PI. .,-.,..-
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Idotheidas. G.O. S ars, autogr . I
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82 flagellum much shorter than the
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84 he records as I. phosphor ca Har
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86 Occurrence. The species has a di
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88 Arc-torn* given by Latreille to
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90 2. Astaeilla arietina, G. 0. Sar
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92 Occurrence. It would seem to be
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Tribe k. ASELLOTA. Be-mark*. In the
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96 suture along the middle, and 2 l
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98 Fam. 2. laniridae. Characters. G
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U)0 peduncle. Kpignath of the maxil
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102 of 400 fathoms. Subsequently I
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104 length, without any distinctly
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106 Remarks. The type of this famil
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108 2. Munna limieola, G. 0. Sars.
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110 Inferior antenna?, as compared
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112 Paramunna bilobata, (PI. XLVII,
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114 hairs in their outer part, tip
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116 Gen. 4. DendrOtlOn, G. O. Sara,
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IdoiheidaB. G.O. S ars, autogr . I
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Arciuridaa. G.O. S srs, autogr I s
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Arcturidae. G.O. S ars, autogr I s
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Janiridse. G.O. S srs, autogr . I s
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laniridas. I s op o da.. PI. 42 G.
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Munnids. Is op o da.. PI. 44. G.O.S
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Munnidas- G.O. S ars, autogr I s op
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Munnidae. I s opo da- i. G. 0. S ar
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118 Fam. 4. Desmosomidae. Character
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120 ever, rather different, and ver
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122 middle, to a strong, recurved,
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124 short. Uropocla scarcely exceed
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126 form, with the proximal joints
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128 to he identical with a form pre
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130 the mandibles, in particular, i
Page 236 and 237: 132 As our knowledge of this peculi
Page 238 and 239: 134 with the carpal joint oblong fu
Page 240 and 241: 136 1. Ilyarachna longicornis, (PI.
Page 242 and 243: m 138 3. Ilyarachna denticulata, G.
Page 244 and 245: 140 antennae not quite twice as lon
Page 246 and 247: 142 Occurrence. I first discovered
Page 248: 144 Gen. 6. EliryCOpe, G. 0. Sars,
Page 251: Desmosomidae, I s op o da.. PI. 50.
Page 257: Desmosomidae 1 . G. 0. S ars, autog
Page 263: Munnopsidae. G.O. S ars, autogr , I
Page 267: Munnopsidas. 6. 0. S ars, autogr .
Page 271: IVlunnopsidae. G.O. S ars, autogr .
Page 275: Munnopsidae. G 0. S srs, autogr . I
Page 278 and 279: 146 taken it very plentifully on a
Page 280 and 281: 148 must also occur off the coasts
Page 282 and 283: 150 the carpal one. dactylus minute
Page 284 and 285: 152 orbicular in form, dactylus com
Page 288 and 289: or less elongated, basal part not p
Page 290 and 291: 158 Remarks. This genus, establishe
Page 292 and 293: 160 thin, without air-chambers or a
Page 294 and 295: 162 Occurrence. According to Mr. Bu
Page 296 and 297: of n little bowl of a spoon; that o
Page 298 and 299: 166 clear golden yellow colour, wit
Page 300 and 301: 168 the last peduncular joint, and
Page 302 and 303: 170 broad and laminar, though scarc
Page 304 and 305: 172 ramus narrow lanceolate, and ex
Page 306 and 307: 174 Remarks. This form was first de
Page 308 and 309: 176 Gen. 4. PorcelllO, Latr., 1804.
Page 310 and 311: 178 wards, frontal lobe less promin
Page 312 and 313: 180 4. Poreellio Rathkei, Brandt. (
Page 314 and 315: 182 plates of only the 2 anterior p
Page 316: 184 increasing in length posteriorl
Page 319: Munnopsidae. I s op i. G.O. S ars,
Page 323: Munnopsidae. G.O. S ars, autogr . I
Page 327: G.O. S ars, autogr . s op o Lig'ia
Page 331: Trichoniscidae. I s op o da. PI. 72
Page 335: Trichoniscidae. 1 S O ]3 O CLQ._ PI
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Oniscidas. I s opo da. PI. 76. G.O.
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Oniscidae. I s op o da. PI. 78. : r
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Oniscidae. I s op o da. P! . 80. G.
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Armadillidiidas. I s op i. V., V^,.
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JBopyridae. I s opo da- t G.O S ars
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Bopyridae. G.O S ars, autogr. I s o
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Bopyridae. G. 0. S ars, autogr I s
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186 Remarks. The present genus, est
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188 above-described genus Cylisticu
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190 as it is very common both in Sw
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192 Side-plates of 1st segment of r
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apparent. In the latter case, the 3
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196 simple, conic; posterior antenn
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198 Occurrence. This form is found
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200 fully grown, the parasite cause
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nier to their genus 7 \/ la '//////
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204 tal lamella, the distal edge of
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206 able want of correctness, as re
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208 branchiata. In the female, more
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210 Remarks. The present genus is v
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212 soft metasome of this Crustacea
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214 Miiller ought to be referred to
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216 and to a 'great extent encompas
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218 The genus MiCrOmSCUS, Fritz Mii
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220 tary appearance, in the present
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222 as a rule, very small and somet
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224 as Boj>-t/r/is mys'ulum and by
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226 On a closer examination, will t
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228 area in front. Caudal part of b
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230 2 middle figures on PI. 96) are
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232 shorter than the inner. Male no
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Bopyridae. I s op i. G. 0. S ars, a
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Bo py rid as. I s op o PI. G.O. S .
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Dajidae. G. 0. S ars, autogr . I s
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Dajid as. Is op o PI. 96. G. 0. S a
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234 anal segment obtusely produced
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236 Gen. 2. CryptOthlr, Dana, 1852.
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238 Aseoniscus simplex, G. 0. Sars,
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240 anal segment rounded at the tip
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242 apparatus present, Male (or las
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244 at present to state, as they ar
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246 Cryptoniseid (PI. C, fig. 3). N
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248 much more advanced stage, the o
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250 Page 122. Add the following spe
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252 Page 129. Add the 3 following s
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254 the end of the caudal segment.
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Acanthocope Acherusia Page. 131 65
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Page. crassicornis 175 Isevis 161 M
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Page. tenuicornis 23 tenuimanus 18
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PL 16. G. o. Bars. 1. Strong-ylura
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PL 84. 1. Bopyrus sqvillarum (Latr.
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2b. p 7 . Same, leg of 7th pair, ex
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cf p 3 - Same, leg of 3rd pair, cfp
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Cryptoniscidce. G.O.Sars, autogr. 1
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Cryptoniscidae. 1 S C>p O Pi. 100 G
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Desmosomidae. I S Op O da. Suppl. G
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Desmosomidae. 1 S O p O CLQ- Suppl.
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An Account of The Crustacea of Norw
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