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XII Contents 8.3 Implications of pidgins and creoles for language change 8.3. 1 Child versus adult language acquisition 8.3.2 Simplification and elaboration 8.4 Specific implications of pidgins and creoles for grammaticalization 9 Summary and suggestions for further work Notes References Index of names Index of languages General index 219 219 222 224 231 234 237 265 270 272
Figures 3. 1 A model of language change 3.2 Schema of the development of auxiliary be going to 4. 1 Revised schema of the development of auxiliary be going to 7.1 Properties relevant to the cline of clause combining page 41 69 93 179
Page 2 and 3: Grammaticalization Second Edition T
Page 4 and 5: Grammaticalization Second Edition P
Page 6 and 7: In memory of Dwight Bolinger 1907-1
Page 8 and 9: x Contents 3.3 Reanalysis 50 :'1.3.
Page 12 and 13: Tables ::1.1 Grammaticalization of
Page 14 and 15: xvi Preface and acknowledgments gra
Page 16 and 17: Abbreviations Linguistic terms ABL
Page 18 and 19: xx Abbreviations Srel relative clau
Page 20 and 21: 2 I Some preliminaries recurring co
Page 22 and 23: 4 J Some preliminaries 1.2 What is
Page 24 and 25: 6 J Some preliminaries relationship
Page 26 and 27: 8 I Some preliminaries tendencies.
Page 28 and 29: 10 J Some preliminaries 1.3. 1 Lets
Page 30 and 31: 12 J Some preliminaries form of us.
Page 32 and 33: 14 I Some preLiminaries (23) Me-gbb
Page 34 and 35: 16 1 Some preliminaries 1.4 Grammat
Page 36 and 37: 18 I Some preliminaries same way. F
Page 38 and 39: 20 2 The history of grammaticalizat
Page 44 and 45: 26 2 The histOlY of gramm atica liz
Page 48 and 49: 30 2 The histOlY of grammaticalizat
Page 54 and 55: 36 2 The history ojgrammaticalizati
Page 56 and 57: 38 2 Th e history of grammaticaliza
Page 58 and 59: 40 3 Mechanisms: reanalysis and ana
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42 3 Mechanisms: reanalysis and ana
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48 3 Mechanisms: reanaLysis and ana
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50 3 Mechanisms: reanalysis and all
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60 3 Mechanisms: reallalysis and an
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66 3 Mechanisms: reanalysis an.d an
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72 4 Pragmatic factors speakers tak
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74 4 Pragmatic fa ctors based on me
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76 4 Pragmatic factors (e.g., Traug
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78 4 Pragmatic fa ctors established
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80 4 Pragmatic fa ctors Ty pically
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82 4 Pragmatic fa ctors (1975) in c
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84 4 Pragmatic factors A second que
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86 4 Pragmatic fa ctors apply to th
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88 4 Pragmatic factors the non-ling
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90 4 Pragmatic factors could no lon
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92 4 Pragmatic factors relevance of
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94 4 Pragmatic factors 4.5 Pragmati
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96 4 Pragmatic/actors Perhaps the m
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98 4 Pragmatic fa ctors The process
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100 5 The hypothesis of unidirectio
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104 5 The hypothesis of ttllidirect
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110 5 Th e hypothesis of unidirecti
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I 14 5 The hypothesis oj unidirecti
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6 Clau se-internal morphological ch
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142 6 Clause-internal morphological
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146 6 CLause-internaL morphoLogical
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150 6 CLause-internaL morphoLogicaL
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174 6 Clause-internal 17lorphologic
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176 7 Grammaticalization across cla
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180 7 Grammaticalizatioll across cl
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210 7 GrammaticaLizatiolZ across cl
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8 Grammatica lization in situations
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214 8 Situations of extreme languag
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216 8 Situations 0/ extreme languag
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224 8 Situations of extreme Languag
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232 9 Summary alld suggestions fo r
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Notes Some preliminaries I. We foll
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236 Notes to pages 152-226 2. The d
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238 References the Linguistic Codin
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240 References Breal, Michel. 1991
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242 Refe rences Chafe, Wallace L. 1
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244 References Dietrich, W. 1973. D
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246 References Genetti, Carol 1991.
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248 Refe rences Halpern, Aaron. 199
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250 References Hopper, Paul. 1987.
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252 References Kemenade, Ans van. I
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254 References Lambrecht, Knud. 199
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256 References Los, Beuelou. 1999.
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258 References Ohori . Toshio, ed.
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260 References Sankoff, Gillian. 19
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262 References Ti mberlake. Alan. 1
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264 References Wi scher, lise, and
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266 Index a/ names Couper-Kuhlen. E
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268 Index a/ names Meillet, Antoine
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Index of languages Akkadian 190. 19
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General index abduction 41-3, 72, 7
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274 General index grammatical word
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276 General index universals 17, 27
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