Gram - SEAS
Gram - SEAS
Gram - SEAS
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6.3 The development of paradigms 159<br />
through a rule whereby the combination *nts + b"w eventually yielded b. But,<br />
as Baldi (1976: 846-7) notes, such a sequence of events cannot be proved or disproved<br />
on purely phonological grounds, since it is only in this very collocation that<br />
the combination of segmenLs in question is ever likely Lo have occurred in Latin<br />
across a morpheme boundary.<br />
6.3 The development of paradigms<br />
Sometimes the coalescence of two parts of a periphrastic construction<br />
as stem and anix remains isolated, and has no further consequences. Consider,<br />
for example, the second-person-plural y'all found in some English dialects. The<br />
form is transparently derived from the periphrastic you + all; yet -all has not in<br />
these dialects spread as a general plural morpheme to other words, either nouns<br />
or pronouns. We do not, therefore, see a "paradigm" emerging of the kind shown<br />
in (2 1).<br />
(2 1) "I-all<br />
you you-all<br />
he "he-all<br />
she "she-all<br />
Nor do we see any real signs Lhat -all is becoming a plural suffix in English;<br />
y'all appears at least in POE to be paradigmatically isolated, the result of the<br />
neutralization of singular and plural in the original second person. Often, however,<br />
later stages of grammaticalization involve a process of emergent paradigms, in<br />
which a set of related affixes emerges based on a single form . With verbs, this<br />
basic form is often the third-person singular. With nouns and pronouns it is often<br />
a non-nominative case. We illustrate the "paradigmatization" of a nominal marker<br />
with the development of the early Scandinavian (Old Icelandic and Old Norse)<br />
reflexive pronoun sik into an affix. Originally the accusative of the third-person<br />
(singular and plural) ref-lexive, it spread to other persons and cases and came to<br />
mark voice as well. We illustrate with Old Icelandic forms. In this language, sik<br />
coex isted with iLS grammaticalized form, the enclitic -sk:<br />
(22) a. Hann bau sik.<br />
He offered himself<br />
b. Hann bauzk (zk < "sk)<br />
He offered-himself (Heusler 1921: 142)<br />
The development of Lhis pronoun as a suffix in Old Icelandic and in Danish is a<br />
classic example of grammaticalization. With c1iLicization comes:
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