2007 PhD Thesis Final Revised.pdf - Curtin University

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! Retina Australia (New South Wales). Richards, Robyn ! Retina Australia (Queensland). Ferguson, Greaeme ! Retina Australia (Victoria). Giles, Kate ! Royal Blind Society of New South Wales. Spriggs, Rob ! Royal Society for the Blind of South Australia. Moir, Dennis ! Sun Microsystems. Beard, Marney ! United States Government Services Administration. Scott, Quentis ! Western Australian Office of E-government. Reilly, Fiona; Sales, Jenny ! Western Australian Retinitis Pigmentosa Foundation. French, Vivienne Individuals: ! Barker, Jan ! Boudville, Gigi ! Blackburn, Sue ! Capel-Bradford, Carol ! Daniel, Bob ! Ellis, Annette (MP) ! Ferris, Deanne ! Forward, Rosalind ! Green, Walter (Dr) ! Higgins, Georgie ! Higgins, Pat ! Lundy, Kate (Senator) ! Miller, Laura ! Schofield, Robyn ! Smith, Luke ! Williamson, Brad On behalf of the people who will benefit from this research, thank you very much. 9
INTRODUCTION Purpose of the study As a legally blind individual with a computer science background, I have taken particular interest in witnessing the developments of computing and Internet-related technologies through the 1980s and 1990s. It has been an exciting process to experience and utilise the benefits of the Internet as it evolved from a ‘well-kept secret’ to a vital information, communication and e-commerce resource in the public realm. For people with disabilities, and in particular people who are blind and vision impaired, the arrival of mainstream computing and the Internet provides more than the sum of its parts. As well as bringing products and services, it brings hope. The arrival of mainstream computing and assistive technology creates the potential for blind and vision impaired people to gain access to resources previously denied. The development of the personal computer, for example, meant library books could be scanned into a computer and then read aloud via a voice synthesizer. In another example, people with vision impairments could now alter the colours, fonts and other display features on a screen to improve clarity. The Internet enabled information to be independently retrieved from anywhere in the world in a form that was often accessible to blind or vision impaired people. Online services allowed independent management of banking and the purchasing of online goods and services. Online communication meant that mobility issues associated with vision loss were no longer a disability-related restriction. Essentially, the extension of the Internet for the general population enhanced opportunities for increased independence and equality for blind or vision impaired people. However, despite the possibilities for improved independence and equality, the information technology revolution is still largely focused on potential, rather than delivery, to people who are blind or vision impaired. Initially it may seem surprising that people in this disability group are not embracing the use of computers and the 10
Page 1 and 2: Faculty of Media, Society and Cultu
Page 3 and 4: ABSTRACT People with disabilities,
Page 5 and 6: 3.0 ELEMENTS OF THE DISABILITY DIVI
Page 7 and 8: APPENDIX A: PERSONAL INTERVIEWS....
Page 9: ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS The following orga
Page 13 and 14: ! Are computing and Internet-relate
Page 15 and 16: disabilities in the workforce. As a
Page 17 and 18: entertainment package and, at worst
Page 19 and 20: Chapter 6, The provision of operati
Page 21 and 22: Australia, approximately four milli
Page 23 and 24: which people with disabilities perc
Page 25 and 26: dependence (J. Wilson & Wilson, 200
Page 27 and 28: economic model complements the righ
Page 29 and 30: ole of people with disabilities, go
Page 31 and 32: time. Policy and resulting legislat
Page 33 and 34: improved, funds were now available
Page 35 and 36: United Nations (UN) during the Inte
Page 37 and 38: actions and participation is connec
Page 39 and 40: occasional struggle for people with
Page 41 and 42: lindness within society also create
Page 43 and 44: communication. This chapter contrib
Page 45 and 46: seen as applicable to the developme
Page 47 and 48: Although clear-path and object-anal
Page 49 and 50: easily interpret text, making the A
Page 51 and 52: interface in their next OS release.
Page 53 and 54: networks so that there is exchange
Page 55 and 56: of information largely inaccessible
Page 57 and 58: again become sufficiently accessibl
Page 59 and 60: Figure 3.1 Household Computer or In
Page 61 and 62:
of tertiary education compound the
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desire to repair the inferior body
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computing firms seemed to take issu
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an operating environment which was
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accessible and compatible with AT p
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cater for the needs of this group.
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4.2 Methodology for personal interv
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! Steger, John. Senior Consultant,
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All of these points were used with
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ates improved significantly due to
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(f) to assist in achieving positive
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disability-related discrimination i
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was that Section 508 only applied t
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in order to combat the disability d
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Such views again highlight the inco
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vision disabilities must rely on US
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5.0 THE PROVISION OF ONLINE INFORMA
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exist but not how to resolve the pr
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ace information for the Sydney 2000
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Essentially, the SOCOG case present
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In terms of finding out what people
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devices. The study concluded that t
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6.0 THE PROVISION OF OPERATING SYST
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networking infrastructure market, w
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Internet were accessible, it could
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developer conferences as a good way
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6.3 Disability-specific product ven
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company which tries to do everythin
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user through to large networks and
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with low vision was the addition of
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The UNIX platform has faced a diffi
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of writing, Microsoft is being sued
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character containing two dots. Brai
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Figure 6.7 Vario 80 Refreshable Bra
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Figure 6.10 Omni Phantom (SensAble
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addition there are other input-base
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HP, Cisco and IBM have all contribu
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‘upper-echelons’ of users would
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such as Vision Australia located at
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internal policies reflect the need
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arely given the chance to voice the
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1. to demonstrate the ways in which
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Section B focused on the use of com
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question was to determine the exten
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defined opinions in this study. The
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the type and significance of an ind
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The print and Braille formats were
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with 23 telephone interviews and 3
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Frequency 100 80 60 40 20 0 Valid 1
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Valid Male Female Total Gender Freq
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Frequency 200 150 100 50 0 Valid Fu
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Valid Degenerative Stable Total Vis
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Frequency 100 80 60 40 20 0 Valid M
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7.4.2 Computing and assistive techn
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Frequency 120 100 80 60 40 20 0 Kno
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Frequency 100 80 60 40 20 0 Ability
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Frequency 150 120 90 60 30 0 Valid
Page 175 and 176:
Frequency 140 120 100 80 60 40 20 0
Page 177 and 178:
N Valid Missing Familiarity of Inte
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Frequency 125 100 75 50 25 0 Valid
Page 181 and 182:
Frequency 120 100 80 60 40 20 0 Val
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Frequency 100 80 60 40 20 0 Valid D
Page 185 and 186:
Internet session will contain a var
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Frequency 250 200 150 100 50 0 Vali
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Frequency 250 200 150 100 50 0 Vali
Page 191 and 192:
Frequency 120 100 80 60 40 20 0 Dis
Page 193 and 194:
Frequency 120 100 80 60 40 20 0 Gov
Page 195 and 196:
Frequency 140 120 100 80 60 40 20 0
Page 197 and 198:
Frequency 120 100 80 60 40 20 0 Des
Page 199 and 200:
Frequency 100 80 60 40 20 0 Valid I
Page 201 and 202:
7.4.5 Open-ended comments The Comme
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There were also a number of comment
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8.0 ANALYSIS OF FINDINGS 8.1 Introd
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levels of the working population. A
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the colour scheme question received
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Respondents were fairly evenly spre
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esult indicated that it is likely t
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able to interact with computing and
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Count Ability to Understand and Use
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Ability to Understand and Use a Com
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that knowledge of IT did not necess
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impaired people were not associated
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Count Income Total Income * Cost of
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8.3.5 Disability-specific issues fo
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The final comparison focused on the
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CONCLUSION Addressing the research
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with vision disabilities until the
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ole of this policy, in terms of inf
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een largely resolved in recent time
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vision disabilities perceived the I
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In essence, this study has revealed
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! the creation and implementation o
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Australian Federal Government. (200
Page 247 and 248:
Galitz, W. (2002). Essential Guide
Page 249 and 250:
Lindlif, T. R., & Shatzer, M. J. (1
Page 251 and 252:
Stubbins, J. (1977). Social and Psy
Page 253 and 254:
Zakon, R. (2002, 1 April). Hobbes'
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ETHICS APPROVAL: products and servi
Page 257 and 258:
Name: _ Signature: Date: authorizat
Page 259 and 260:
13. In the United States, the Rehab
Page 261 and 262:
8. Do you perceive that people with
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Title: Department: Organisation: Ye
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18. In your opinion, are educationa
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e found at http://www.vipsurvey.org
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[ ] 2 Living in shared accommodatio
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[ ] 1 Screen magnification software
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24. My ability to use the Internet
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process which I mastered by myself:
Page 277 and 278:
! 5.2 For data tables that have two
Page 279 and 280:
! 10.5 Until user agents (including
Page 281:
IBM International Business Machines
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