2007 PhD Thesis Final Revised.pdf - Curtin University

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In essence, the current policies are helpful to people with disabilities, but the lack of enforceable Federal IT-based legislation for people with disabilities in Australia has resulted in an inadequate framework for addressing the disability divide. The following chapter explores this matter further by examining the practical implementation of existing policy, legal precedents relating to web page accessibility and the ability for government and other information providers to deliver accessible information to people who are blind or vision impaired. 91
5.0 THE PROVISION OF ONLINE INFORMATION 5.1 Introduction The previous chapter identified the key Australian and US policy and legislative frameworks that affect the disability divide. In order to demonstrate the effectiveness of these policies, it is necessary to explore how such policies are implemented. The provision of online information demonstrates how these policies are implemented by ensuring information access to people who are blind or vision impaired. In the recent past, access to written materials required assistance either through having the information read out by a third party or by having it converted into an accessible format such as Braille. Computing and Internet-related technologies have not only allowed access to information, but have also enabled people with vision disabilities to access the information independently. However, in order for blind and vision impaired people to gain access to this information, the text contained within web pages must be created in an accessible format which is compatible with existing AT products. The accessibility of Internet information depends on how the web page is designed, how the AT product can access that page and the policies in place to ensure that accessibility requirements are implemented. If these issues are not effectively addressed, barriers form which prevent access to online information, creating a substantial component of the disability divide. This chapter contributes to the research by exploring the role of the government and media information providers and investigates the impact that government policy and legislation has in terms of effectively addressing the disability divide issues associated with the provision of online information. 92
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Faculty of Media, Society and Cultu
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ABSTRACT People with disabilities,
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3.0 ELEMENTS OF THE DISABILITY DIVI
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APPENDIX A: PERSONAL INTERVIEWS....
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ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS The following orga
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INTRODUCTION Purpose of the study A
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! Are computing and Internet-relate
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disabilities in the workforce. As a
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entertainment package and, at worst
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Chapter 6, The provision of operati
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Australia, approximately four milli
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which people with disabilities perc
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dependence (J. Wilson & Wilson, 200
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economic model complements the righ
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ole of people with disabilities, go
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time. Policy and resulting legislat
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improved, funds were now available
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United Nations (UN) during the Inte
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actions and participation is connec
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occasional struggle for people with
Page 41 and 42: lindness within society also create
Page 43 and 44: communication. This chapter contrib
Page 45 and 46: seen as applicable to the developme
Page 47 and 48: Although clear-path and object-anal
Page 49 and 50: easily interpret text, making the A
Page 51 and 52: interface in their next OS release.
Page 53 and 54: networks so that there is exchange
Page 55 and 56: of information largely inaccessible
Page 57 and 58: again become sufficiently accessibl
Page 59 and 60: Figure 3.1 Household Computer or In
Page 61 and 62: of tertiary education compound the
Page 63 and 64: desire to repair the inferior body
Page 65 and 66: computing firms seemed to take issu
Page 67 and 68: an operating environment which was
Page 69 and 70: accessible and compatible with AT p
Page 71 and 72: cater for the needs of this group.
Page 73 and 74: 4.2 Methodology for personal interv
Page 75 and 76: ! Steger, John. Senior Consultant,
Page 77 and 78: All of these points were used with
Page 79 and 80: ates improved significantly due to
Page 81 and 82: (f) to assist in achieving positive
Page 83 and 84: disability-related discrimination i
Page 85 and 86: was that Section 508 only applied t
Page 87 and 88: in order to combat the disability d
Page 89 and 90: Such views again highlight the inco
Page 91: vision disabilities must rely on US
Page 95 and 96: exist but not how to resolve the pr
Page 97 and 98: ace information for the Sydney 2000
Page 99 and 100: Essentially, the SOCOG case present
Page 101 and 102: In terms of finding out what people
Page 103 and 104: devices. The study concluded that t
Page 105 and 106: 6.0 THE PROVISION OF OPERATING SYST
Page 107 and 108: networking infrastructure market, w
Page 109 and 110: Internet were accessible, it could
Page 111 and 112: developer conferences as a good way
Page 113 and 114: 6.3 Disability-specific product ven
Page 115 and 116: company which tries to do everythin
Page 117 and 118: user through to large networks and
Page 119 and 120: with low vision was the addition of
Page 121 and 122: The UNIX platform has faced a diffi
Page 123 and 124: of writing, Microsoft is being sued
Page 125 and 126: character containing two dots. Brai
Page 127 and 128: Figure 6.7 Vario 80 Refreshable Bra
Page 129 and 130: Figure 6.10 Omni Phantom (SensAble
Page 131 and 132: addition there are other input-base
Page 133 and 134: HP, Cisco and IBM have all contribu
Page 135 and 136: ‘upper-echelons’ of users would
Page 137 and 138: such as Vision Australia located at
Page 139 and 140: internal policies reflect the need
Page 141 and 142: arely given the chance to voice the
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1. to demonstrate the ways in which
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Section B focused on the use of com
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question was to determine the exten
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defined opinions in this study. The
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the type and significance of an ind
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The print and Braille formats were
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with 23 telephone interviews and 3
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Frequency 100 80 60 40 20 0 Valid 1
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Valid Male Female Total Gender Freq
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Frequency 200 150 100 50 0 Valid Fu
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Valid Degenerative Stable Total Vis
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Frequency 100 80 60 40 20 0 Valid M
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7.4.2 Computing and assistive techn
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Frequency 120 100 80 60 40 20 0 Kno
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Frequency 100 80 60 40 20 0 Ability
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Frequency 150 120 90 60 30 0 Valid
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Frequency 140 120 100 80 60 40 20 0
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N Valid Missing Familiarity of Inte
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Frequency 125 100 75 50 25 0 Valid
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Frequency 120 100 80 60 40 20 0 Val
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Frequency 100 80 60 40 20 0 Valid D
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Internet session will contain a var
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Frequency 250 200 150 100 50 0 Vali
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Frequency 250 200 150 100 50 0 Vali
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Frequency 120 100 80 60 40 20 0 Dis
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Frequency 120 100 80 60 40 20 0 Gov
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Frequency 140 120 100 80 60 40 20 0
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Frequency 120 100 80 60 40 20 0 Des
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Frequency 100 80 60 40 20 0 Valid I
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7.4.5 Open-ended comments The Comme
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There were also a number of comment
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8.0 ANALYSIS OF FINDINGS 8.1 Introd
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levels of the working population. A
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the colour scheme question received
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Respondents were fairly evenly spre
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esult indicated that it is likely t
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able to interact with computing and
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Count Ability to Understand and Use
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Ability to Understand and Use a Com
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that knowledge of IT did not necess
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impaired people were not associated
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Count Income Total Income * Cost of
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8.3.5 Disability-specific issues fo
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The final comparison focused on the
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CONCLUSION Addressing the research
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with vision disabilities until the
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ole of this policy, in terms of inf
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een largely resolved in recent time
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vision disabilities perceived the I
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In essence, this study has revealed
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! the creation and implementation o
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Australian Federal Government. (200
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Galitz, W. (2002). Essential Guide
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Lindlif, T. R., & Shatzer, M. J. (1
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Stubbins, J. (1977). Social and Psy
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Zakon, R. (2002, 1 April). Hobbes'
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ETHICS APPROVAL: products and servi
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Name: _ Signature: Date: authorizat
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13. In the United States, the Rehab
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8. Do you perceive that people with
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Title: Department: Organisation: Ye
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18. In your opinion, are educationa
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e found at http://www.vipsurvey.org
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[ ] 2 Living in shared accommodatio
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[ ] 1 Screen magnification software
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24. My ability to use the Internet
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process which I mastered by myself:
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! 5.2 For data tables that have two
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! 10.5 Until user agents (including
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IBM International Business Machines
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