2007 PhD Thesis Final Revised.pdf - Curtin University

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were blind and people who were vision impaired did not present any significant differences. This may have suggested that regardless of vision level, the consistency of vision allowed for a greater opportunity in understanding the Internet. In relation to education levels, there was a slight trend in the amount of education and an increased knowledge and use of computing and the Internet. Count Ability to Understand and Use a Computer and the Internet Total Ability to Understand and Use a Computer and the Internet * Education - Current Crosstabulation None Poor Fair Good Expert Education - Current TAFE <strong>University</strong> <strong>University</strong> Secondary Diploma Undergrad Postgrad Other Not Studying Total 0 0 0 0 0 36 36 0 1 0 0 1 42 44 1 3 2 3 13 81 103 3 8 8 4 14 101 138 1 4 5 4 3 22 39 5 16 15 11 31 282 360 Figure 8.7 Table of current education and IT expertise for respondents Although there were proportionately similar results for those with education through secondary and TAFE levels, very few at university undergraduate level have no IT expertise and none of those at postgraduate level had no IT expertise. In addition, there was a highly significant result regarding those who were currently studying. As indicated by Figure 8.7, no one who was currently participating in secondary, tertiary or a different type of course claimed to have no IT expertise. Out of all those sampled, aside from one respondent, everyone who was currently undertaking a course, regardless of the type of course, had a fair or better level of IT expertise. This result suggested that, given current dependence on computing and the Internet for education, simply undertaking a course, whether it is or is not computer-specific, would improve the ability of a blind or vision impaired individual to access computing and Internet-related technologies. Other personal factors such as living arrangements and income levels, did not appear to be significant in relation to the level of IT expertise amongst respondents. In relation to the use of Assistive Technology, the data indicates that in order to effectively use AT, a high level of IT expertise is required. 217
Ability to Understand and Use a Computer and the Internet * Ability to Use Assisitve Technology Crosstabulation Count Ability to Understand and Use a Computer and the Internet Total None Poor Fair Good Expert Ability to Use Assisitve Technology None Poor Fair Good Expert Total 29 7 0 0 0 36 18 20 7 0 0 45 22 31 35 16 0 104 23 31 35 51 1 141 3 7 5 16 9 40 95 96 82 83 10 366 Figure 8.8 Table of AT usage and IT expertise for respondents However, it was not the case that a high level of IT expertise automatically ensured success with AT. As noted in Figure 8.8, each respondent who considered themselves an expert in AT was also a good or expert computing and Internet user. However, 26 respondents who were good or expert computer and Internet users rated their abilities with AT as none or poor. The comparison between the level of IT expertise with the need for AT presented data which were highly significant in relation to the disability divide. Ability to Understand and Use a Computer and the Internet * Require Assistve Technology to use a Computer Crosstabulation Count Ability to Understand and Use a Computer and the Internet Total None Poor Fair Good Expert Require Assistve Technology to use a Computer Strongly Strongly NA Disagree Disagree Agree Agree Total 26 0 2 1 7 36 7 3 7 15 13 45 12 5 12 31 44 104 23 19 21 44 34 141 2 5 3 16 14 40 70 32 45 107 112 366 Figure 8.9 Table of AT need and IT expertise for respondents As noted in Figure 8.9, a vast majority of good and expert computing and Internet users who used AT agreed or strongly agreed that it was an essential tool. Together these two results demonstrated that although AT is required, a large number of respondents were unable to use it effectively, even those with good or expert IT expertise. This finding suggested that AT products required a degree of complexity somewhat higher than that required by mainstream computer and Internet users and it was thus an issue for blind and vision impaired people. This finding is also supported by the survey open-ended comments, whereby many people specifically 218
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Faculty of Media, Society and Cultu
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ABSTRACT People with disabilities,
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3.0 ELEMENTS OF THE DISABILITY DIVI
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APPENDIX A: PERSONAL INTERVIEWS....
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ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS The following orga
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INTRODUCTION Purpose of the study A
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! Are computing and Internet-relate
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disabilities in the workforce. As a
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entertainment package and, at worst
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Chapter 6, The provision of operati
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Australia, approximately four milli
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which people with disabilities perc
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dependence (J. Wilson & Wilson, 200
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economic model complements the righ
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ole of people with disabilities, go
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time. Policy and resulting legislat
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improved, funds were now available
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United Nations (UN) during the Inte
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actions and participation is connec
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occasional struggle for people with
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lindness within society also create
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communication. This chapter contrib
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seen as applicable to the developme
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Although clear-path and object-anal
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easily interpret text, making the A
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interface in their next OS release.
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networks so that there is exchange
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of information largely inaccessible
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again become sufficiently accessibl
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Figure 3.1 Household Computer or In
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of tertiary education compound the
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desire to repair the inferior body
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computing firms seemed to take issu
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an operating environment which was
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accessible and compatible with AT p
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cater for the needs of this group.
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4.2 Methodology for personal interv
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! Steger, John. Senior Consultant,
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All of these points were used with
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ates improved significantly due to
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(f) to assist in achieving positive
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disability-related discrimination i
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was that Section 508 only applied t
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in order to combat the disability d
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Such views again highlight the inco
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vision disabilities must rely on US
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5.0 THE PROVISION OF ONLINE INFORMA
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exist but not how to resolve the pr
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ace information for the Sydney 2000
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Essentially, the SOCOG case present
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In terms of finding out what people
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devices. The study concluded that t
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6.0 THE PROVISION OF OPERATING SYST
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networking infrastructure market, w
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Internet were accessible, it could
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developer conferences as a good way
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6.3 Disability-specific product ven
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company which tries to do everythin
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user through to large networks and
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with low vision was the addition of
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The UNIX platform has faced a diffi
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of writing, Microsoft is being sued
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character containing two dots. Brai
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Figure 6.7 Vario 80 Refreshable Bra
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Figure 6.10 Omni Phantom (SensAble
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addition there are other input-base
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HP, Cisco and IBM have all contribu
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‘upper-echelons’ of users would
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such as Vision Australia located at
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internal policies reflect the need
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arely given the chance to voice the
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1. to demonstrate the ways in which
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Section B focused on the use of com
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question was to determine the exten
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defined opinions in this study. The
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the type and significance of an ind
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The print and Braille formats were
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with 23 telephone interviews and 3
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Frequency 100 80 60 40 20 0 Valid 1
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Valid Male Female Total Gender Freq
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Frequency 200 150 100 50 0 Valid Fu
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Valid Degenerative Stable Total Vis
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Frequency 100 80 60 40 20 0 Valid M
Page 167 and 168: 7.4.2 Computing and assistive techn
Page 169 and 170: Frequency 120 100 80 60 40 20 0 Kno
Page 171 and 172: Frequency 100 80 60 40 20 0 Ability
Page 173 and 174: Frequency 150 120 90 60 30 0 Valid
Page 175 and 176: Frequency 140 120 100 80 60 40 20 0
Page 177 and 178: N Valid Missing Familiarity of Inte
Page 179 and 180: Frequency 125 100 75 50 25 0 Valid
Page 181 and 182: Frequency 120 100 80 60 40 20 0 Val
Page 183 and 184: Frequency 100 80 60 40 20 0 Valid D
Page 185 and 186: Internet session will contain a var
Page 187 and 188: Frequency 250 200 150 100 50 0 Vali
Page 189 and 190: Frequency 250 200 150 100 50 0 Vali
Page 191 and 192: Frequency 120 100 80 60 40 20 0 Dis
Page 193 and 194: Frequency 120 100 80 60 40 20 0 Gov
Page 195 and 196: Frequency 140 120 100 80 60 40 20 0
Page 197 and 198: Frequency 120 100 80 60 40 20 0 Des
Page 199 and 200: Frequency 100 80 60 40 20 0 Valid I
Page 201 and 202: 7.4.5 Open-ended comments The Comme
Page 203 and 204: There were also a number of comment
Page 205 and 206: 8.0 ANALYSIS OF FINDINGS 8.1 Introd
Page 207 and 208: levels of the working population. A
Page 209 and 210: the colour scheme question received
Page 211 and 212: Respondents were fairly evenly spre
Page 213 and 214: esult indicated that it is likely t
Page 215 and 216: able to interact with computing and
Page 217: Count Ability to Understand and Use
Page 221 and 222: that knowledge of IT did not necess
Page 223 and 224: impaired people were not associated
Page 225 and 226: Count Income Total Income * Cost of
Page 227 and 228: 8.3.5 Disability-specific issues fo
Page 229 and 230: The final comparison focused on the
Page 231 and 232: CONCLUSION Addressing the research
Page 233 and 234: with vision disabilities until the
Page 235 and 236: ole of this policy, in terms of inf
Page 237 and 238: een largely resolved in recent time
Page 239 and 240: vision disabilities perceived the I
Page 241 and 242: In essence, this study has revealed
Page 243 and 244: ! the creation and implementation o
Page 245 and 246: Australian Federal Government. (200
Page 247 and 248: Galitz, W. (2002). Essential Guide
Page 249 and 250: Lindlif, T. R., & Shatzer, M. J. (1
Page 251 and 252: Stubbins, J. (1977). Social and Psy
Page 253 and 254: Zakon, R. (2002, 1 April). Hobbes'
Page 255 and 256: ETHICS APPROVAL: products and servi
Page 257 and 258: Name: _ Signature: Date: authorizat
Page 259 and 260: 13. In the United States, the Rehab
Page 261 and 262: 8. Do you perceive that people with
Page 263 and 264: Title: Department: Organisation: Ye
Page 265 and 266: 18. In your opinion, are educationa
Page 267 and 268: e found at http://www.vipsurvey.org
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[ ] 2 Living in shared accommodatio
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[ ] 1 Screen magnification software
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24. My ability to use the Internet
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process which I mastered by myself:
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! 5.2 For data tables that have two
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! 10.5 Until user agents (including
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IBM International Business Machines
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