PDF - CES (IISc)

More documents

Recommendations

Info

x CONTENTS 2. RADIATE OR SECONDARY THALLUS PAGE A. ORIGIN OF THE PODETIUM . . . .114 B STRUCTURE OF THE PODETIUM . . . .114 a. General structure b. Gonidial tissue c. Cortical tissue d. Sored ia C. DEVELOPMENT OF THE SCYPHUS . . . .117 a. From abortive apothecia b. From polytomous branching c. From arrested growth d. Gonidia of the scyphus e. Species without scyphi D. BRANCHING OF THE PODETIUM . . . . 119 E. PERFORATIONS AND RETICULATION OF THE PODE- F. TIUM ROOTING STRUCTURES OF CLADONIAE . . 120 .121 G. HAPTERA 122 H. MORPHOLOGY OF THE PODETIUM . I. PILOPHORUS AND STEREOCAULON . . . .122 . . .125 V. STRUCTURES PECULIAR TO LICHENS i. AERATION STRUCTURES A. CYPHELLAE AND PSEUDOCYPHELLAE . a. Historical b. Development of cyphellae c. Pseudocyphellae d. Occurrence and distribution . .126 B. BREATHING-PORES 129 a. Definite breathing-pores b. Other openings in the thallus C. GENERAL AERATION OF THE THALLUS . 2. CEPHALODIA . .132 A. HISTORICAL AND DESCRIPTIVE 133 B. CLASSIFICATION 135 I. CEPHALODIA VERA II. PSEUDOCEPHALODIA C. ALGAE THAT FORM CEPHALODIA . . . .136 D. DEVELOPMENT OF CEPHALODIA . . . 137 a. Ectotrophic b. Endotrophic c. Pseudocephalodia E. AUTOSYMBIOTIC CEPHALODIA 140
CONTENTS xi 3. SOREDIA A. STRUCTURE AND ORIGIN OF SOREDIA . . PAGE .141 a. Scattered soredia b. Isidial soredia c. Soredia as buds B. SORALIA 144
Page 7 and 8: Cambridge Botanical Handbooks Edite
Page 9 and 10: LICHENS BY ANNIE LORRAIN SMITH, F.L
Page 11: PREFACE THE publication of this vol
Page 14 and 15: viii CONTENTS II. LICHEN HYPHAE PAG
Page 18 and 19: xii CONTENTS 2. PYRENOLICHENS a. De
Page 20 and 21: xiv CONTENTS C. SUPPLY OF INORGANIC
Page 22 and 23: xvi CONTENTS PAGE D. EVOLUTION OF A
Page 24 and 25: CONTENTS B. LICHENS AS MEDICINE ...
Page 26 and 27: xx GLOSSARY Discoid, disc-like, an
Page 28 and 29: xxii GLOSSARY Rhagadiose, deeply ch
Page 30 and 31: xxiv INTRODUCTION In the absence of
Page 32 and 33: xxvi INTRODUCTION the cortex have b
Page 34 and 35: xxviii INTRODUCTION species is a mo
Page 36 and 37: 2 HISTORY OF LICHENOLOGY A seventh
Page 38 and 39: 4 HISTORY OF LICHENOLOGY the specie
Page 40 and 41: 6 HISTORY OF LICHENOLOGY plants are
Page 42 and 43: 8 HISTORY OF LICHENOLOGY 5. "Coriac
Page 44 and 45: I0 HISTORY OF LICHENOLOGY Extensive
Page 46 and 47: 12 HISTORY OF LICHENOLOGY Among con
Page 48 and 49: I4 HISTORY OF LICHENOLOGY he howeve
Page 50 and 51: 16 HISTORY OF LICHENOLOGY departure
Page 52 and 53: I8 HISTORY OF LICHENOLOGY H. PERIOD
Page 54 and 55: CHAPTER II CONSTITUENTS OF THE LICH
Page 56 and 57: 22 CONSTITUENTS OF THE LICHEN THALL
Page 62 and 63: CONSTITUENTS OF THE LICHEN THALLUS
Page 64 and 65: 3o CONSTITUENTS OF THE LICHEN THALL
Page 66 and 67:
3 2 CONSTITUENTS OF THE LICHEN THAL
Page 68 and 69:
34 CONSTITUENTS OF THE LICHEN THALL
Page 70 and 71:
Page 72 and 73:
Page 74 and 75:
Page 76 and 77:
Page 78 and 79:
Page 80 and 81:
Page 82 and 83:
Page 84 and 85:
Page 86 and 87:
CONSTITUENTS OF THE LICHEN THALLUS
Page 88 and 89:
Page 90 and 91:
CONSTITUENTS OF THE LICHEN THALLUS
Page 92 and 93:
Page 94 and 95:
6o CONSTITUENTS OF THE LICHEN THALL
Page 96 and 97:
Page 98 and 99:
Page 100 and 101:
Page 102 and 103:
68 MORPHOLOGY or chondroid strands
Page 104 and 105:
;o MORPHOLOGY II. STRATOSE THALLUS
Page 106 and 107:
72 MORPHOLOGY bb. Formation of crus
Page 108 and 109:
74 MORPHOLOGY marked by subsequent
Page 110 and 111:
;6 MORPHOLOGY c. CHEMICAL NATURE OF
Page 112 and 113:
78 MORPHOLOGY b. HYPOPHLOEODAL LICH
Page 114 and 115:
8o MORPHOLOGY species of Dermatocar
Page 116 and 117:
82 3. MORPHOLOGY FOLIOSE LICHENS A.
Page 118 and 119:
84 MORPHOLOGY in the molecular cons
Page 120 and 121:
86 MORPHOLOGY become almost or enti
Page 122 and 123:
88 MORPHOLOGY fore, in the most fav
Page 124 and 125:
MORPHOLOGY b. LOWER CORTEX. In some
Page 126 and 127:
9 2 MORPHOLOGY retain the colour of
Page 128 and 129:
94 MORPHOLOGY or less characteristi
Page 130 and 131:
96 MORPHOLOGY a. BY DEVELOPMENT OF
Page 132 and 133:
9 8 MORPHOLOGY III. RADIATE THALLUS
Page 134 and 135:
100 MORPHOLOGY In the two former th
Page 136 and 137:
102 MORPHOLOGY thallus. It is also
Page 138 and 139:
104 MORPHOLOGY sometimes as a conti
Page 140:
io6 MORPHOLOGY fastigiate cortex as
Page 143 and 144:
RADIATE THALLUS 109 afforded by the
Page 145 and 146:
RADIATE THALLUS in The sheath of R.
Page 147 and 148:
STRATOSE-RADIATE THALLUS 113 betwee
Page 149 and 150:
STRATOSE-RADIATE THALLUS thus disti
Page 151 and 152:
STRATOSE-RADIATE THALLUS 117 areas
Page 153 and 154:
STRATOSE-RADIATE THALLUS 119 follow
Page 155 and 156:
STRATOSE-RADIATE THALLUS 121 a cont
Page 157 and 158:
STRATOSE-RADIATE THALLUS 123 consid
Page 159 and 160:
STRATOSE-RADIATE THALLUS 125 the pr
Page 161 and 162:
STRUCTURES PECULIAR TO LICHENS 127
Page 163 and 164:
Page 165 and 166:
Page 167 and 168:
Page 169 and 170:
Page 171 and 172:
Page 173 and 174:
Page 175 and 176:
Page 177 and 178:
STRUCTURES PECULIAR TO LICHENS of s
Page 179 and 180:
Page 181 and 182:
Page 183 and 184:
Page 185 and 186:
Page 187 and 188:
HYMENOLICHENS 153 recognized its af
Page 189 and 190:
CHAPTER IV REPRODUCTION I. REPRODUC
Page 191 and 192:
REPRODUCTIVE ORGANS 157 size, rarel
Page 193 and 194:
REPRODUCTIVE ORGANS 159 is partiall
Page 195 and 196:
REPRODUCTION IN DISCOLICHENS the vi
Page 197 and 198:
REPRODUCTION IN DISCOLICHENS 163 or
Page 199 and 200:
REPRODUCTION IN DISCOLICHENS 165 fi
Page 201 and 202:
REPRODUCTION IN DISCOLICHENS 167 (2
Page 203 and 204:
REPRODUCTION IN DISCOLICHENS 169 ru
Page 205 and 206:
REPRODUCTION IN DISCOLICHENS 171 ti
Page 207 and 208:
REPRODUCTION IN DISCOLICHENS 173 br
Page 209 and 210:
APOGAMOUS REPRODUCTION 175 also by
Page 211 and 212:
DISCUSSION OF LICHEN REPRODUCTION 1
Page 213 and 214:
Page 215 and 216:
Page 217 and 218:
DEVELOPMENT OF APOTHECIA 183 wall o
Page 219 and 220:
LICHEN ASCI AND SPORES 185 b. DEVEL
Page 221 and 222:
LICHEN ASCI AND SPORES 187 than in
Page 223 and 224:
LICHEN ASCI AND SPORES 189 The deve
Page 225 and 226:
LICHEN ASCI AND SPORES 191 usually
Page 227 and 228:
SPERMOGONIA 193 B. SPERMOGONIA AS M
Page 229 and 230:
SPERMOGONIA 195 better lighted port
Page 231 and 232:
SPERMOGONIA 197 advanced stage the
Page 233 and 234:
SPERMOGONIA 199 "pycnidial" non-sex
Page 235 and 236:
SPERMOGONIA 201 paraphyses, and als
Page 237 and 238:
SPERMOGONIA 203 successful, was ver
Page 239 and 240:
SPERMOGONIA 205 He also regards as
Page 241 and 242:
SPERMOGONIA 207 Lichen " spermatia
Page 243 and 244:
CHAPTER V PHYSIOLOGY I. CELLS AND C
Page 245 and 246:
CELLS AND CELL PRODUCTS 211 colouri
Page 247 and 248:
CELLS AND CELL PRODUCTS 213 B. CONT
Page 249 and 250:
CELLS AND CELL PRODUCTS 215 pustula
Page 251 and 252:
CELLS AND CELL PRODUCTS 217 slices
Page 253 and 254:
CELLS AND CELL PRODUCTS 219 pected
Page 255 and 256:
CELLS AND CELL PRODUCTS 221 an excr
Page 257 and 258:
CELLS AND CELL PRODUCTS 223 not abo
Page 259 and 260:
CELLS AND CELL PRODUCTS 225 the tha
Page 261 and 262:
CELLS AND CELL PRODUCTS 227 lecanor
Page 263 and 264:
CELLS AND CELL PRODUCTS 229 As an i
Page 265 and 266:
GENERAL NUTRITION 231 c. FOLIOSE LI
Page 267 and 268:
GENERAL NUTRITION 233 from atmosphe
Page 269 and 270:
GENERAL NUTRITION 235 part of an ol
Page 271 and 272:
GENERAL NUTRITION 237 Lecanora thal
Page 273 and 274:
ASSIMILATION AND RESPIRATION 239 Ju
Page 275 and 276:
ILLUMINATION OF LICHENS 241 Wiesner
Page 277 and 278:
ILLUMINATION OF LICHENS 243 shade i
Page 279 and 280:
ILLUMINATION OF LICHENS 245 inserti
Page 281 and 282:
COLOUR OF LICHENS 247 In many cases
Page 283 and 284:
COLOUR OF LICHENS 249 apothecia of
Page 285 and 286:
251
Page 287 and 288:
GROWTH AND DURATION 253 and suggest
Page 289 and 290:
GROWTH AND DURATION 255 in the same
Page 291 and 292:
DISPERSAL AND INCREASE 257 Crustace
Page 293 and 294:
ERRATIC LICHENS 259 bind the mass t
Page 295 and 296:
PARASITISM 261 other lichens. The c
Page 297 and 298:
PARASITISM 263 there on the thallus
Page 299 and 300:
PARASITISM 265 and found that they
Page 301 and 302:
PARASITISM 267 observed. The mature
Page 303 and 304:
DISEASES OF LICHENS 269 the upper c
Page 305 and 306:
GALL-FORMATION 271 irritation excit
Page 307 and 308:
ORIGIN OF LICHENS 273 B. ALGAL ANCE
Page 309 and 310:
REPRODUCTIVE ORGANS 275 B. RELATION
Page 311 and 312:
REPRODUCTIVE ORGANS 277 they are mo
Page 313 and 314:
REPRODUCTIVE ORGANS 279 as " hypoph
Page 315 and 316:
REPRODUCTIVE ORGANS 281 lichen genu
Page 317 and 318:
THE THALLUS 283 might become fertil
Page 319 and 320:
THE THALLUS 285 there is but little
Page 321 and 322:
THE THALLUS 287 Peltigera and Nephr
Page 323 and 324:
THE THALLUS 289 genus Pyrgillus has
Page 325 and 326:
THE THALLUS 291 aa. COENOGONIACEAE.
Page 327 and 328:
THE THALLUS 293 are colourless and
Page 329 and 330:
THE THALLUS 295 of the scyphus and
Page 331 and 332:
THE THALLUS 297 His third group inc
Page 333 and 334:
THE THALLUS 299 are composed of com
Page 335 and 336:
THE THALLUS 301 species and forms a
Page 337 and 338:
THE THALLUS 303 SCHEME OF SUGGESTED
Page 339 and 340:
FAMILIES AND GENERA 305 The apothec
Page 341 and 342:
FAMILIES AND GENERA 307 based on im
Page 343 and 344:
FAMILIES AND GENERA 309 SERifcs i.
Page 345 and 346:
FAMILIES AND GENERA 311 b. Not gela
Page 347 and 348:
FAMILIES AND GENERA 313 "pycnidia"
Page 349 and 350:
FAMILIES AND GENERA 315 The gonidia
Page 351 and 352:
FAMILIES AND GENERA 317 superficial
Page 353 and 354:
FAMILIES AND GENERA 319 XIV. PYRENW
Page 355 and 356:
FAMILIES AND GENERA 321 graplia} re
Page 357 and 358:
FAMILIES AND GENERA 323 Thallus wit
Page 359 and 360:
FAMILIES AND GENERA 325 XXIII. LECA
Page 361 and 362:
FAMILIES AND GENERA 327 XXVIII. ECT
Page 363 and 364:
Thallus crustaceous non-corticate.
Page 365 and 366:
FAMILIES AND GENERA 331 which grows
Page 367 and 368:
Thallus with Gloeocapsa gonidia. Th
Page 369 and 370:
FAMILIES AND GENERA 335 XL. HEPPIAC
Page 371 and 372:
FAMILIES AND GENERA 337 margin of t
Page 373 and 374:
Thallus non-corticate below. FAMILI
Page 375 and 376:
FAMILIES AND GENERA 341 XLIX. TELQS
Page 377 and 378:
NUMBER OF LICHENS 343 or described
Page 379 and 380:
DISTRIBUTION 345 but, as yet, has b
Page 381 and 382:
DISTRIBUTION 347 as Cladoniae, Leca
Page 383 and 384:
DISTRIBUTION 349 its habitat as "th
Page 385 and 386:
DISTRIBUTION 351 lichens of Austral
Page 387 and 388:
DISTRIBUTION 353 epiphyllous lichen
Page 389 and 390:
FOSSIL LICHENS 355 which recalls so
Page 391 and 392:
GENERAL INTRODUCTION 357 Ecological
Page 393 and 394:
EXTERNAL INFLUENCES 359 observed th
Page 395 and 396:
EXTERNAL INFLUENCES 361 South Lanca
Page 397 and 398:
LICHEN COMMUNITIES 363 I. ARBOREAL
Page 399 and 400:
LICHEN COMMUNITIES 365 whether of y
Page 401 and 402:
LICHEN COMMUNITIES 367 gained a foo
Page 403 and 404:
LICHEN COMMUNITIES 369 On bare heat
Page 405 and 406:
LICHEN COMMUNITIES 371 As already d
Page 407 and 408:
LICHEN COMMUNITIES 373 Most calcico
Page 409 and 410:
LICHEN COMMUNITIES 375 It will only
Page 411 and 412:
LICHEN COMMUNITIES 377 The followin
Page 413 and 414:
indifferently on any LICHEN COMMUNI
Page 415 and 416:
LICHEN COMMUNITIES 123. Ramalina si
Page 417 and 418:
LICHEN COMMUNITIES 383 width all ro
Page 419 and 420:
LICHEN COMMUNITIES: 385 grass that
Page 421 and 422:
LICHEN COMMUNITIES 387 above the ti
Page 423 and 424:
LICHEN COMMUNITIES - C. crispa are
Page 425 and 426:
LICHEN COMMUNITIES 391 country is D
Page 427 and 428:
LICHENS AS PIONEERS 393 action of h
Page 429 and 430:
CHAPTER X ECONOMIC AND TECHNICAL A.
Page 431 and 432:
are, however, not equally palatable
Page 433 and 434:
LICHENS AS FOOD 399 A minute organi
Page 435 and 436:
LICHENS AS FOOD 401 The true reinde
Page 437 and 438:
LICHENS AS FOOD 403 Iso-lichenin is
Page 439 and 440:
LICHENS AS FOOD 405 20 cm. with irr
Page 441 and 442:
LICHENS AS MEDICINE 407 The doctrin
Page 443 and 444:
LICHENS AS MEDICINE 409 directions
Page 445 and 446:
LICHENS IN INDUSTRY 411 D. LICHENS
Page 447 and 448:
LICHENS AS DYE-PLANTS 413 British s
Page 449 and 450:
LICHENS AS DYE-PLANTS 415 of rock-
Page 451 and 452:
LICHENS AS DYE-PLANTS 417 boiling.
Page 453 and 454:
LICHENS IN PERFUMERY 419 b. LICHENS
Page 455 and 456:
APPENDIX POSTSCRIPT TO CHAPTER VII
Page 457 and 458:
BIBLIOGRAPHY OF BOOKS AND PAPERS CI
Page 459 and 460:
BIBLIOGRAPHY 425 Beyerinck, M. W. D
Page 461 and 462:
BIBLIOGRAPHY 427 Crombie, J. M. On
Page 463 and 464:
BIBLIOGRAPHY 429 Etard and Bouilhac
Page 465 and 466:
BIBLIOGRAPHY 431 Gibelli, Giuseppe.
Page 467 and 468:
BIBLIOGRAPHY 433 Hudson, W. Flora A
Page 469 and 470:
BIBLIOGRAPHY 435 Krempelhuber, Augu
Page 471 and 472:
BIBLIOGRAPHY 437 Malinowski, E. Sur
Page 473 and 474:
BIBLIOGRAPHY 439 Nylander, W. Consp
Page 475 and 476:
BIBLIOGRAPHY 441 Rosendahl, F. Verg
Page 477 and 478:
BIBLIOGRAPHY 443 Steiner, J. Beitra
Page 479 and 480:
BIBLIOGRAPHY 445 Watson, Sir W. An
Page 481 and 482:
BIBLIOGRAPHY 447 Zukal, H. Das Zusa
Page 483 and 484:
Bacotia septum, 399 Baeotnyces Pers
Page 485 and 486:
INDEX Cladonia sqiiamosa Hoffm., 11
Page 487 and 488:
Forssellia A. Zahlbr., 284, 333, 37
Page 489 and 490:
Lecanora dtrina Ach., see Placodium
Page 491 and 492:
Mereschkovsky, 258 Merrett, 3 Metzg
Page 493 and 494:
Pentagenella Darbish., 83, 324 Perf
Page 495 and 496:
Quercus alba, 359 Q. chrysolepis, 3
Page 497 and 498:
Stigonema Ag., 23, 16, 54 (Fig. 20)
Page 502 and 503:
UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA LIBRARY Lo
show all

PDF - CES (IISc)

Create successful ePaper yourself

Delete template?

Save as template?