PDF - CES (IISc)

DISTRIBUTION 349
its habitat as "the neighbourhood of a great water," and reports it from
near Lake Superior. In our country it grows at a good distance from the
sea, in Yorkshire dales, etc., but all our counties would rank as maritime
in the American sense. Lecanora tartarea which is rare in Minnesota is also
absent from the Lake Baikal region. It occurs frequently both in Arctic
and in Antarctic regions, and is probably also somewhat maritime in habitat.
Many of the Parmeliae, NepJiromiae and Peltigerae, common to all northern
temperate climes, are Siberian as are also Cladoniae and many crustaceous
species. There is only one Sticta, St. Wrightii, a Japanese lichen, recorded
by Wainio from this Siberian locality.
A marked difference as regards species is noted between the Flora of
Minnesota and that of California. Herre 1 has directed attention to the
great similarity between the lichens of the latter state and those of
: Europe many European species occur along the coast and nowhere else
in America so far as is yet known as ; examples he cites, among others,
Calicium hyperellum, Lecidea quernea, L. aromatica, Gyrophora polyrhiza,
Pertusaria amara, Roccella fuciformis, R. fucoides and R. tinctoria. The
Scandinavian lichen, Letharia vulpina, grows abundantly there and fruits
freely; it is very rare in other parts of America. Herre found, however,
no specimens of Cladonia rangiferina, Cl. alpestris or CL syhatica, nor
any species of Graphis\ he is unable to explain these anomalies in distri-
bution, but he considers that the cool equable climate is largely responsible:
it is so much more like that of the milder countries of Europe than of the
states east of the Sierra Nevada. His contention is supported by a con-
sideration of Japanese lichens. With a somewhat similar climate there is
a great preponderance of European forms. Out of 382 species determined
by Nylander 2
, 209 were European. There were 17 Graphideae, 31 Parmeliae,
and 23 Cladoniae, all of the last named being European. These results of
Nylander's accord well with a short list of 30 species from Japan compiled
by Muller 3 at an earlier date. They were chiefly crustaceous tree-lichens;
but the Cladoniae recorded are the familiar British species Cl. fimbriata,
Cl. pyxidata and CL verticillata.
With the Japanese Flora may be compared a list 4 of Maingay's lichens
from China, 35 in all. Collema limosum, the only representative of Collemaceae
in the list, is European, as are the two species of Ramalina, R.graci-
lenta and R. pollinaria ;
four species of Physcia are European, the remaining
Ph. picta being a common tropical or subtropical plant. Lecanora saxicola,
L. cinerea, Placodium callopismnm and PI. citrinum are cosmopolitan, other
Lecanorae and most of the Lecideae are new. Graphis scripta, Opegrapka
subsiderella and Arthonia cinnabarina the few Graphideae collected are
1 Herre 1910.
2 Nylander 1890.
4 Nylander and Cromhie 1884.
3 Muller 1879.