Nebraska Soils Field Trip - Virginia Tech

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4th IUSS Soil Classification Conference Field Tour Guidebook Riparian buffer in an area of Land Resource Region M The total withdrawals of freshwater in this region average about 35,945 million gallons per day (136,050 million liters per day). This is one of six land resource regions that use more than 30,000 million gallons per day (113,550 million liters per day). This region is second only to the Northwestern Wheat and Range Region (LRR B) in total amount of water used. About 87 percent is from surface water sources, and 13 percent is from ground water sources. Abundant precipitation and numerous perennial streams provide ample supplies of good-quality surface water for all uses in the region. The lower reaches of the large rivers in the southern part of the region have poor-quality water primarily because of sediment, nutrients, and pesticides from agricultural runoff. The soils in this region are dominantly Alfisols, Entisols, Inceptisols, or Mollisols. Some Histosols occur on flood plains and in wetlands. The dominant suborders are Udalfs, Aqualfs, and Aquolls. The sandy soils are typically Psamments. The soils in the region dominantly have a mesic soil temperature regime, an aquic or udic soil moisture regime, and mixed or smectitic mineralogy. About 99 percent of this region is privately owned. The soils and climate favor agriculture. This region produces most of the corn, soybeans, and feed grains produced in the U.S. The grains and hay grown in the region commonly are fed to beef cattle. Some specialty crops are grown near markets in the metropolitan areas. Much of the cropland near the larger cities is being subdivided and developed for urban uses. Small areas in the parts of this region in southern Indiana and in Illinois are strip-mined for coal. The major soil resource concerns are water erosion, wetness, and maintenance of the content of organic matter and productivity of the soils. Wind erosion is a hazard in some of the northern parts of the region where the lighter textured soils occur. Protecting wildlife habitat and preserving the quality of surface water and ground water are additional concerns in many parts of this region. 106—Nebraska and Kansas Loess-Drift Hills This area is in Nebraska (52 percent) and Kansas (48 percent). It makes up about 10,920 square miles (28,295 square kilometers). It includes the town of Beatrice, Nebraska; the city of Lincoln, Nebraska; and the cities of Topeka and Lawrence, Kansas. Interstate 80 crosses the northern part this MLRA, passing through an area just north of Lincoln, and Interstates 70 and 470 pass through Topeka and Lawrence, Kansas, in the southern part of the MLRA. The Iowa Sac and Fox, Kickapoo, and Potawatomi Indian Reservations are in the part of this area in Kansas. Part of the Iowa Sac and Fox Reservation is in Nebraska. The Homestead National Monument, commemorating pioneer life on the prairie, is just west of Beatrice, Nebraska. 20
4th IUSS Soil Classification Conference Field Tour Guidebook Location of MLRA 106 in Land Resource Region M Physiography This area is almost entirely in the Dissected Till Plains Section of the Central Lowland Province of the Interior Plains. The southern tip is in the Osage Plains Section of the same province and division. Interstate 70 is close to the boundary between these two sections in this MLRA. This area is a dissected glacial drift plain. Ridgetops are broad and smooth, and slopes are nearly level to strongly sloping. Stream valleys are bordered by relatively narrow bands of hilly and steep slopes. Valley floors are typically narrow, except along the larger rivers and their primary tributaries. Elevation ranges from 980 to 1,650 feet (300 to 505 meters), increasing from east to west. Local relief is mainly 10 to 20 feet (3 to 6 meters), but some of the larger valley floors are 80 to 160 feet (25 to 50 meters) or more below the level of the adjacent uplands. The extent of the major Hydrologic Unit Areas (identified by four-digit numbers) that make up this MLRA is as follows: Kansas (1027), 51 percent; Missouri-Nishnabotna (1024), 32 percent; and Platte (1020), 17 percent. The Little Nemaha River and the North Fork of the Big Nemaha River flow into the Missouri River, which is just east of the part of this area in Nebraska. The Big Blue River flows through Beatrice, Nebraska, and on into the part of this area in Kansas. Salt- Wahoo Creeks flow through Lincoln and Wahoo and on into the Platte River in the northern part of the area. The Big Blue joins the Black Vermillion River at Tuttle Creek Lake in the southern end of the MLRA, in Kansas. The Soldier and Delaware Rivers also are in the part of the MLRA in Kansas. Geology Loess covers the surface of almost all of the uplands in this MLRA. Glacial drift underlies the loess. Alluvial clay, silt, sand, and gravel are deposited in all of the stream and river valleys. The alluvial deposits can be extensive in the major river valleys. Paleozoic sandstone, shale, and limestone units are exposed in a few road cuts and in the walls of valleys along the major streams on the east side of the area, near the bluffs along the Missouri River. Limestone and shale (clay) quarries are in this MLRA. Climate The average annual precipitation in most of this area is 28 to 40 inches (710 to 1,015 millimeters), increasing from northwest to southeast. About three-fourths of the precipitation falls as high-intensity, convective thunderstorms from late in spring through early in autumn. The scant precipitation in winter occurs mainly as snow. The average annual temperature is 50 to 55 degrees F (10 to 13 degrees C). The freeze-free period averages about 195 days and ranges from 175 to 215 days. 21
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Nebraska Soils Field Trip - Virginia Tech

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