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- Code Rdn - OC Code Rdn - pH Code Rdn - NO3 Concentration 10-25-100 - 08-25-60 0.01 193 08-25-75 0.07 08-25-90 0.30 08-25-100 0.17 09-07-100 0.01 09-08-100 0.02 09-13-100 0.68 09-25-100 0.00 09-30-100 1.00 10-20-52 0.83 10-20-100 0.01 10-25-60 0.11 10-25-75 0.10 10-25-90 0.24 10-25-100 0.94 Texture-Temperature-Water filled Porosity-pH - Code Rdn - OC Code Rdn - NO3 Concentration 02-20-51-6.9 - 02-20-51-6.9 0.14 02-20-100-6.8 0.65 02-20-100-6.8 0.64 05-15-100-5.4 0.60 05-15-100-5.4 0.03 05-15-100-5.8 0.70 05-15-100-5.5 0.75 05-15-100-5.9 0.61 05-15-100-5.8 0.37 05-15-100-6.4 - 05-15-100-5.9 0.48 05-25-60-7.4 0.24 05-15-100-6.4 0.42 05-25-75-7.4 0.33 05-25-60-7.4 0.24 05-25-90-7.4 0.20 05-25-75-7.4 0.42 07-28-20-4.7 0.81 05-25-90-7.4 0.45 07-28-20-6.5 0.86 07-28-20-6.5 0.07 07-28-20-08 0.56 07-28-50-6.5 0.25 07-28-50-6.5 0.85 07-28-133-6.5 0.97 07-28-50-08 0.83 07-35-60-7.6 0.11
- Code Rdn - OC Code Rdn - NO3 Concentration 07-28-133-4.7 0.42 07-35-90-7.6 0.41 07-28-133-6.5 0.48 07-35-120-7.6 0.10 07-28-133-08 0.95 08-03-53-06 0.02 07-35-60-7.6 0.00 08-04-75-06 0.80 07-35-90-7.6 - 08-06-65-06 0.86 07-35-120-7.6 - 08-07-59-06 0.28 08-25-60-07 0.51 08-08-51-06 0.00 08-25-60-7.3 0.40 08-09-76-06 0.31 08-25-75-07 0.37 08-10-61-06 0.75 08-25-75-7.3 0.35 08-14-21-06 0.25 08-25-90-07 0.47 08-20-84-7.1 0.69 08-25-90-7.3 0.30 08-20-86-7.1 0.25 10-25-60-6.5 0.16 08-20-87-7.1 0.58 10-25-75-6.5 0.55 08-20-88-7.1 1.00 10-25-90-6.5 0.49 08-20-89-7.1 0.96 08-25-60-07 0.05 08-25-60-7.3 0.04 08-25-75-07 0.02 08-25-75-7.3 0.23 08-25-90-07 0.24 08-25-90-7.3 0.41 10-25-60-6.5 0.01 10-25-75-6.5 0.10 10-25-90-6.5 0.24 194
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THE FLORIDA STATE UNIVERSITY ARTS A
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To my Dad, Mum and Brother iii
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Dr. Stephen Kish for his words of e
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1.5. Evaluation of methods to estim
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2.5.8. Texture 8 (Silt Loam).......
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4.2.6. Texture 6 (Sandy Clay Loam).
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LIST OF TABLES Table 1.1 Additional
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LIST OF FIGURES Figure 1.1 Oxidatio
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Figure 2.51 8-20-84; Denitrificatio
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Figure 3.6 Probability plot (Textur
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Three statistical methods were used
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• Microbial biomass/ plant uptake
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Figure 1.1 Oxidation of organic car
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possibility of denitrification (Smi
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50ºC (36ºF - 122ºF) (Brady & Wei
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1.2.6. Salinity Salinity is a known
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1.3.1. The Acetylene inhibition met
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Among the variety of successful met
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a first-order decay process. The ma
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look at the data shows that it fail
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Da is the denitrification rate (mg
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a simple linear regression of organ
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of the annual N2O emission and deni
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easons for the limitation of the mo
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Table 1.2 Continued dC / dt Organic
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also implies that the transferabili
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CHAPTER TWO 2. LINEAR REGRESSION An
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an improvement on the earlier attem
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2.3. Texture Table 2.1 Soil Textura
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2.3.5. Texture 5 (Sand) The surfici
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2.3.10. Texture 10 (Silty Clay Loam
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Textural Class Table 2.2 Coefficien
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R_d_n (kgN ha-1 d-1) R_d_n (kgN ha-
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2.4.3. Texture 3 (Loam) Texture 3 c
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R_d_n (kgN ha-1 d-1) Texture 3 Temp
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R_d_n (kgN ha-1 d-1) 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
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2.4.7. Texture 7 (Sandy Loam) The S
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Texture 7 Temperature 12 : Denitrif
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Rdn (kgN ha-1 d-1) Texture 9 Temper
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Rdn (kgN ha-1 d-1) 16 12 8 4 0 Text
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2.5. Break down by Texture, Tempera
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8-20-34 (n=3), 8-20-84 (n=4), 8-20-
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Subsets 9-7-100, 9-25-100 and 9-30-
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Texture 10 Temperature 25 WFP 100 :
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a significant linear relationship b
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Rdn (kgN ha-1 d-1) Rdn (kgN ha-1 d-
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C9 Rdn (kgN ha-1 d-1) 12 10 8 6 4 2
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Rdn (kgN ha-1 d-1) Texture 10 Tempe
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2.6.11. Texture 11 (Silt) No data a
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2.7.6. Texture 6 (Sandy Clay Loam)
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Rdn (kgN ha-1 d-1) Texture 8 Tepera
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Rdn (kgN ha-1 d-1) Texture 8 Tepera
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2.8. Summary The correlation coeffi
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where, M is the slope of the linear
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Hence for the first set of equation
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3.2.2. Texture-Temperature-WFP-pH T
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Organic Carbon (%) Actual Rdn Gener
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R dn Results C = 9.389 - 3.210* M -
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The actual denitrification values f
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Eigenvalue 1.5 1.4 1.3 1.2 1.1 1.0
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R indicated by the significant code
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R Table 4.5 Comparison of actual an
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Table 4.8 Texture 2, Comparison of
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Table 4.11 Comparison of actual and
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The two equations are applied to th
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R R dn dn = - 0.05 ∗Temperature (
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Table 4.19 Texture 8, Linear multi-
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Table 4.20 Continued Actual Rdn Pre
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Once again the equations developed
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4.2.11. Texture 11 (Silt) No data a
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CHAPTER FIVE 5. ANALYSIS USING NEUR
Page 163 and 164: Figure 5.2 McCulloch-Pitts (Meyer-B
Page 165 and 166: developed. In order to control over
Page 167 and 168: Eventually the final set of network
Page 169 and 170: 5.4.4. Texture 5 (Sand) Figure 5.5
Page 171 and 172: 5.4.6. Texture 8 (Silt Loam) Figure
Page 173 and 174: 5.4.8. Texture 10 (Silty Clay Loam)
Page 175 and 176: CHAPTER SIX 6. USE OF ISOTOPES TO E
Page 177 and 178: 18 ⎛ ⎛ ⎜ O ⎞ 16 ⎜ ⎜ ⎟
Page 179 and 180: Figure 6.1 Estimation of Nitrate Lo
Page 181 and 182: δ 18 O 12 10 8 6 4 2 Table 6.1 Egg
Page 183 and 184: δ 18 O 20.00 18.00 16.00 14.00 12.
Page 185 and 186: CHAPTER SEVEN 7. APPLICATION TO JAC
Page 187 and 188: 7.2. Multiple Regression Three equa
Page 189 and 190: Table 7.4 Multi-Regression and Neur
Page 191 and 192: 8.3. Main Results The linear equati
Page 193 and 194: isotopes can be particularly useful
Page 195 and 196: APPENDIX B CONVERSION SHEET FOR DEN
Page 197 and 198: iv. v. vi. Given in the dataset: 1.
Page 199 and 200: Conversion from −3 −1 g N m d t
Page 201 and 202: Convert From Multiply by Convert to
Page 203 and 204: Texture 4 Variable Count N* Mean St
Page 205 and 206: Texture 10 Variable Count N* Mean S
Page 207 and 208: Texture-Temperature-WFP-pH Code Equ
Page 209 and 210: 09-15-25-09 Rdn = 0.0106688*OC + 0.
Page 211 and 212: Code Rdn - OC Code Rdn-WFP Code Rdn
Page 213: - Code Rdn - OC Code Rdn - pH Code
Page 217 and 218: Code Rdn - OC Code Rdn - pH 08-25-9
Page 219 and 220: REFERENCES Almasri, M. N., & Kaluar
Page 221 and 222: Fellows, C., Hunter, H., Eccleston,
Page 223 and 224: King, D., & Nedwell, D. B. (1985).
Page 225 and 226: Ozden, T., & Muhammetoglu, H. (2008
Page 227 and 228: Smith, R., Bohlke, J., Garabedian,
Page 229 and 230: Zhu, J., Liu, G., Han, Y., Zhang, Y
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