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R_d_n (kgN ha-1 d-1) 2.0 1.5 1.0 0.5 0.0 20 Texture 2 Temperature 22 : Denitrification rate Vs. WFP S 0.372324 R-Sq 80.4% 30 R_d_n (kgN ha-1 d-1) = - 0.5497 + 0.02014 WFP (%) 40 50 60 WFP (%) Figure 2.11 2-22; Denitrification Rate Vs. Water Filled Porosity R_d_n (kgN ha-1 d-1) 50 40 30 20 10 Texture 2 Temperature 25 : Denitrification rate Vs. Nitrate Concentration 0 0 R_d_n (kgN ha-1 d-1) = - 2.167 + 0.04815 NO_3- Conc( µgN g-1 soil) S 3.47887 R-Sq 96.2% 200 45 70 400 600 NO_3- Conc( µgN g-1 soil) Figure 2.12 2-25; Denitrification Rate Vs. Nitrate Concentration. Subset 2-25 has 14 distinct records of data; the only plot to yield a significant correlation is the denitrification rate Vs. nitrate concentration (Figure 2.12). 80 800 90 100 1000
2.4.3. Texture 3 (Loam) Texture 3 comprised of 15 distinct temperatures ranging from 3 ºC to 25 ºC. The majority of the subsets comprised 3 values, except for 5 ºC (n=4), 10 ºC (n=11), 15 ºC (n=5), 16 ºC (n=8), 18 (n=4), 20 (n=33), 22 (n=8) and 25 (n=4), where n is the number of records/data. The separation based on the temperature resulted several subsets with only two distinct values for organic carbon and nitrate concentration, hence the use of these subsets was unfeasible. The only divisions that had any valuable information were 3-5, 3- 6, 3-11, 3-12, 3-14, 3-15, 3-16, 3-17 and 3-18. None of the subsets provide any information about the relationship between Rdn and OC as in the majority of the cases there were only two distinct values and in the cases where there is more than two values the correlation is weak. Nevertheless the correlations are still an improvement when compared to section 2.3. Figure 2.13 to Figure 2.18 show the main relationships obtained for texture three. R_d_n (kgN ha-1 d-1) 0.20 0.15 0.10 0.05 0.00 86 Texture 3 Temperature 12 : Denitrification rate Vs.WFP R_d_n (kgN ha-1 d-1) = - 1.430 + 0.01671 WFP (%) S 0.0443853 R-Sq 91.3% 88 90 92 WFP (%) Figure 2.13 3-12; Denitrification Rate Vs. Water Filled Porosity 46 94 96 98
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THE FLORIDA STATE UNIVERSITY ARTS A
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To my Dad, Mum and Brother iii
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Dr. Stephen Kish for his words of e
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1.5. Evaluation of methods to estim
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2.5.8. Texture 8 (Silt Loam).......
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4.2.6. Texture 6 (Sandy Clay Loam).
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LIST OF TABLES Table 1.1 Additional
Page 15 and 16: LIST OF FIGURES Figure 1.1 Oxidatio
Page 17 and 18: Figure 2.51 8-20-84; Denitrificatio
Page 19 and 20: Figure 3.6 Probability plot (Textur
Page 21 and 22: Three statistical methods were used
Page 23 and 24: • Microbial biomass/ plant uptake
Page 25 and 26: Figure 1.1 Oxidation of organic car
Page 27 and 28: possibility of denitrification (Smi
Page 29 and 30: 50ºC (36ºF - 122ºF) (Brady & Wei
Page 31 and 32: 1.2.6. Salinity Salinity is a known
Page 33 and 34: 1.3.1. The Acetylene inhibition met
Page 35 and 36: Among the variety of successful met
Page 37 and 38: a first-order decay process. The ma
Page 39 and 40: look at the data shows that it fail
Page 41 and 42: Da is the denitrification rate (mg
Page 43 and 44: a simple linear regression of organ
Page 45 and 46: of the annual N2O emission and deni
Page 47 and 48: easons for the limitation of the mo
Page 49 and 50: Table 1.2 Continued dC / dt Organic
Page 51 and 52: also implies that the transferabili
Page 53 and 54: CHAPTER TWO 2. LINEAR REGRESSION An
Page 55 and 56: an improvement on the earlier attem
Page 57 and 58: 2.3. Texture Table 2.1 Soil Textura
Page 59 and 60: 2.3.5. Texture 5 (Sand) The surfici
Page 61 and 62: 2.3.10. Texture 10 (Silty Clay Loam
Page 63 and 64: Textural Class Table 2.2 Coefficien
Page 65: R_d_n (kgN ha-1 d-1) R_d_n (kgN ha-
Page 69 and 70: R_d_n (kgN ha-1 d-1) Texture 3 Temp
Page 71 and 72: R_d_n (kgN ha-1 d-1) 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
Page 73 and 74: 2.4.7. Texture 7 (Sandy Loam) The S
Page 75 and 76: Texture 7 Temperature 12 : Denitrif
Page 81 and 82: Rdn (kgN ha-1 d-1) Texture 9 Temper
Page 83 and 84: Rdn (kgN ha-1 d-1) 16 12 8 4 0 Text
Page 85 and 86: 2.5. Break down by Texture, Tempera
Page 89 and 90: 8-20-34 (n=3), 8-20-84 (n=4), 8-20-
Page 93 and 94: Subsets 9-7-100, 9-25-100 and 9-30-
Page 95 and 96: Texture 10 Temperature 25 WFP 100 :
Page 97 and 98: a significant linear relationship b
Page 105 and 106: Rdn (kgN ha-1 d-1) Rdn (kgN ha-1 d-
Page 109 and 110: C9 Rdn (kgN ha-1 d-1) 12 10 8 6 4 2
Page 111 and 112: Rdn (kgN ha-1 d-1) Rdn (kgN ha-1 d-
Page 113 and 114: Rdn (kgN ha-1 d-1) Texture 10 Tempe
Page 115 and 116: 2.6.11. Texture 11 (Silt) No data a
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2.7.6. Texture 6 (Sandy Clay Loam)
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Rdn (kgN ha-1 d-1) Rdn (kgN ha-1 d-
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Rdn (kgN ha-1 d-1) Texture 8 Tepera
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Rdn (kgN ha-1 d-1) Texture 8 Tepera
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2.8. Summary The correlation coeffi
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where, M is the slope of the linear
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Hence for the first set of equation
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3.2.2. Texture-Temperature-WFP-pH T
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Organic Carbon (%) Actual Rdn Gener
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R dn Results C = 9.389 - 3.210* M -
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The actual denitrification values f
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Eigenvalue 1.5 1.4 1.3 1.2 1.1 1.0
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R indicated by the significant code
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R Table 4.5 Comparison of actual an
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Table 4.8 Texture 2, Comparison of
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Table 4.11 Comparison of actual and
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The two equations are applied to th
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R R dn dn = - 0.05 ∗Temperature (
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Table 4.19 Texture 8, Linear multi-
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Table 4.20 Continued Actual Rdn Pre
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Once again the equations developed
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4.2.11. Texture 11 (Silt) No data a
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CHAPTER FIVE 5. ANALYSIS USING NEUR
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Figure 5.2 McCulloch-Pitts (Meyer-B
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developed. In order to control over
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Eventually the final set of network
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5.4.4. Texture 5 (Sand) Figure 5.5
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5.4.6. Texture 8 (Silt Loam) Figure
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5.4.8. Texture 10 (Silty Clay Loam)
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CHAPTER SIX 6. USE OF ISOTOPES TO E
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18 ⎛ ⎛ ⎜ O ⎞ 16 ⎜ ⎜ ⎟
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Figure 6.1 Estimation of Nitrate Lo
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δ 18 O 12 10 8 6 4 2 Table 6.1 Egg
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δ 18 O 20.00 18.00 16.00 14.00 12.
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CHAPTER SEVEN 7. APPLICATION TO JAC
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7.2. Multiple Regression Three equa
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Table 7.4 Multi-Regression and Neur
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8.3. Main Results The linear equati
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isotopes can be particularly useful
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APPENDIX B CONVERSION SHEET FOR DEN
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iv. v. vi. Given in the dataset: 1.
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Conversion from −3 −1 g N m d t
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Convert From Multiply by Convert to
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Texture 4 Variable Count N* Mean St
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Texture 10 Variable Count N* Mean S
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Texture-Temperature-WFP-pH Code Equ
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09-15-25-09 Rdn = 0.0106688*OC + 0.
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Code Rdn - OC Code Rdn-WFP Code Rdn
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- Code Rdn - OC Code Rdn - pH Code
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- Code Rdn - OC Code Rdn - NO3 Conc
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Code Rdn - OC Code Rdn - pH 08-25-9
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REFERENCES Almasri, M. N., & Kaluar
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Fellows, C., Hunter, H., Eccleston,
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King, D., & Nedwell, D. B. (1985).
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Ozden, T., & Muhammetoglu, H. (2008
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Smith, R., Bohlke, J., Garabedian,
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Zhu, J., Liu, G., Han, Y., Zhang, Y
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