Robertson, W. D., Blowes, D. W., Ptacek, C. J., & Cherry, J. A. (2000). Long-term perfromance of in situ reactive barriers for nitrate remediation. Groundwater, 38(5), 689. Robertson, W., Vogan, J., & Lombardo, P. (2008). Nitrate removal rates in a 15-year-old permeable reactive barrier treating septic system nitrate. Groundwater Monitoring Remediation, 28(3), 65-72. Ryden, J. C., Skinner, J. H., & Nixon, D. J. (1987). Soil core incubation system for the field measurement of denitrification using acetylene-inhibition. Soil Biology Biochemistry, 19(6), 753-757. Salbu, B., & Steinnes, E. (1995). Trace elements in natural waters. Boca Raton: CRC Press. Sánchez-Pérez, J. M., Bouey, C., Sauvage, S., Teissier, S., Antiguedad, I., & and Vervier, P. (2003). A standardised method for measuring in situ denitrification in shallow aquifers: Numerical validation and measurements in riparian wetlands. Katlenburg- Lindau, Germany: European Geophysical Society. Shah, D. B., & Coulman, G. A. (1978). Kinetics of nitrification and denitrification reactions. Biotechnology and Bioengineering, 20(1), 43-72. Simek, M., & Cooper, J. (2002). The influence of soil pH on denitrification: Progress towards the understanding of this interaction over the last 50 years. European Journal of Soil Science, 53(3), 345-354. Simek, M., Jisova, L., & Hopkins, D. (2002). What is the so-called optimum pH for denitrification in soil? Soil Biology Biochemistry, 34(9), 1227-1234. Singleton, M. J., Esser, B. K., Moran, J. E., Hudson, G. B., Mcnab, W. W., & Harter, T. (2007). Saturated zone denitrification: Potential for natural attenuation of nitrate contamination in shallow groundwater under dairy operations. Environmental Science Technology, 41(3), 759. Smith, M. S., Firestone, M. K., & Tiedje, J. M. (1978). The acetylene inhibition method for short-term mea- surement of soil denitrification and its evaluation using nitrogen-13. Soil Science Society of America Journal, 42(4), 611. Smith, R. L., Ceazan, M. L., & Brooks, M. H. (1994). Autotrophic, hydrogen-oxidizing, denitrifying bacteria in groundwater, potential agents for bioremediation of nitrate contamination. Applied and Environmental Microbiology, 60(6), 1949-1955. Smith, R. L., & Duff, J. H. (1988). Denitrification in a sand and gravel aquifer. Applied and Environmental Microbiology, 54(5), 1071. 205
Smith, R., Bohlke, J., Garabedian, S., Revesz, K., & Yoshinari, T. (2004). Assessing denitrification in groundwater using natural gradient tracer tests with N-15: In situ measurement of a sequential multistep reaction. Water Resources Research, 40(7), W07101. Song, K., Song, M. Y., Chon, T. S., & Kang, H. (2006). Modeling of denitrification rates in eutrophic wetlands by artificial neural networks WIT Press, Southampton, UK. Sovik, A., & Morkved, P. (2008). Use of stable nitrogen isotope fractionation to estimate denitrification in small constructed wetlands treating agricultural runoff. Science of the Total Environment, 392(1), 157-165. Spector, W., S. (1957). Handbook of biological data. New York,: Special Libraries Association. Spruill, T. (2000). Statistical evaluation of effects of riparian buffers on nitrate and groundwater quality. Journal of Environmental Quality, 29(5), 1523-1538. Stanford, G., Vander Pol, R. A., & and Dzienia, S. (1975). Denitrification rates in relation to total and extractable soil carbon. Soil Science Society of America Journal, 39(2), 284. Starr, R. C., & Gillham, R. W. (1993). Denitrification and organic carbon availability in two aquifers. Groundwater, 31(6), 934. Steingruber, S. M., Friedrich, J., Gächter, R., & Wehrli, B. (2001). Measurement of denitrification in sediments with the N-15 isotope pairing technique. Applied and Environmental Microbiology, 67(9), 3771. Stevens, R. J., Laughlin, R. J., & Malone, J. P. (1998). Soil pH affects the processes reducing nitrate to nitrous oxide and di-nitrogen. Soil Biology & Biochemistry, 30(8-9), 1119-1126. Strong, D., & Fillery, I. R. P. (2002). Denitrification response to nitrate concentrations in sandy soils. Soil Biology Biochemistry, 34(7), 945. Taylor, J. R. (2003). Evaluating groundwater nitrates from on-lot septic systems, a guidance model for land planning in pennsylvania. Penn State. Tesoriero, A. J., Liebscher, H., & Cox, S. E. (2000). Mechanism and denitrification ratein an agricultural watershed: Electron and mass balance along groundwater flow paths. Water Resources Research, 36(6), 1545. Thayalakumaran, T., Charlesworth, P., & and Bristow, K. (2004). Assessment of the geochemical environment in the lower burdekin aquifer implications for the removal of nitrate through denitrification. CSIRO Land and Water Technical Report no. 32/04, 206
- Page 1 and 2:
THE FLORIDA STATE UNIVERSITY ARTS A
- Page 3 and 4:
To my Dad, Mum and Brother iii
- Page 5 and 6:
Dr. Stephen Kish for his words of e
- Page 7 and 8:
1.5. Evaluation of methods to estim
- Page 9 and 10:
2.5.8. Texture 8 (Silt Loam).......
- Page 11 and 12:
4.2.6. Texture 6 (Sandy Clay Loam).
- Page 13 and 14:
LIST OF TABLES Table 1.1 Additional
- Page 15 and 16:
LIST OF FIGURES Figure 1.1 Oxidatio
- Page 17 and 18:
Figure 2.51 8-20-84; Denitrificatio
- Page 19 and 20:
Figure 3.6 Probability plot (Textur
- Page 21 and 22:
Three statistical methods were used
- Page 23 and 24:
• Microbial biomass/ plant uptake
- Page 25 and 26:
Figure 1.1 Oxidation of organic car
- Page 27 and 28:
possibility of denitrification (Smi
- Page 29 and 30:
50ºC (36ºF - 122ºF) (Brady & Wei
- Page 31 and 32:
1.2.6. Salinity Salinity is a known
- Page 33 and 34:
1.3.1. The Acetylene inhibition met
- Page 35 and 36:
Among the variety of successful met
- Page 37 and 38:
a first-order decay process. The ma
- Page 39 and 40:
look at the data shows that it fail
- Page 41 and 42:
Da is the denitrification rate (mg
- Page 43 and 44:
a simple linear regression of organ
- Page 45 and 46:
of the annual N2O emission and deni
- Page 47 and 48:
easons for the limitation of the mo
- Page 49 and 50:
Table 1.2 Continued dC / dt Organic
- Page 51 and 52:
also implies that the transferabili
- Page 53 and 54:
CHAPTER TWO 2. LINEAR REGRESSION An
- Page 55 and 56:
an improvement on the earlier attem
- Page 57 and 58:
2.3. Texture Table 2.1 Soil Textura
- Page 59 and 60:
2.3.5. Texture 5 (Sand) The surfici
- Page 61 and 62:
2.3.10. Texture 10 (Silty Clay Loam
- Page 63 and 64:
Textural Class Table 2.2 Coefficien
- Page 65 and 66:
R_d_n (kgN ha-1 d-1) R_d_n (kgN ha-
- Page 67 and 68:
2.4.3. Texture 3 (Loam) Texture 3 c
- Page 69 and 70:
R_d_n (kgN ha-1 d-1) Texture 3 Temp
- Page 71 and 72:
R_d_n (kgN ha-1 d-1) 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
- Page 73 and 74:
2.4.7. Texture 7 (Sandy Loam) The S
- Page 75 and 76:
Texture 7 Temperature 12 : Denitrif
- Page 77 and 78:
Texture 7 Temperature 28 : Denitrif
- Page 79 and 80:
Texture 8 Temperature 15 : Denitrif
- Page 81 and 82:
Rdn (kgN ha-1 d-1) Texture 9 Temper
- Page 83 and 84:
Rdn (kgN ha-1 d-1) 16 12 8 4 0 Text
- Page 85 and 86:
2.5. Break down by Texture, Tempera
- Page 87 and 88:
Rdn (kgN ha-1 d-1) Texture 3 Temper
- Page 89 and 90:
8-20-34 (n=3), 8-20-84 (n=4), 8-20-
- Page 91 and 92:
Rdn (kgN ha-1 d-1) Texture 8 Temper
- Page 93 and 94:
Subsets 9-7-100, 9-25-100 and 9-30-
- Page 95 and 96:
Texture 10 Temperature 25 WFP 100 :
- Page 97 and 98:
a significant linear relationship b
- Page 99 and 100:
Rdn (kgN ha-1 d-1) Texture 5 Temper
- Page 101 and 102:
Rdn (kgN ha-1 d-1) Texture 7 Temper
- Page 103 and 104:
Rdn (kgN ha-1 d-1) Texture 8 Temper
- Page 105 and 106:
Rdn (kgN ha-1 d-1) Rdn (kgN ha-1 d-
- Page 107 and 108:
Rdn (kgN ha-1 d-1) Texture 8 Temper
- Page 109 and 110:
C9 Rdn (kgN ha-1 d-1) 12 10 8 6 4 2
- Page 111 and 112:
Rdn (kgN ha-1 d-1) Rdn (kgN ha-1 d-
- Page 113 and 114:
Rdn (kgN ha-1 d-1) Texture 10 Tempe
- Page 115 and 116:
2.6.11. Texture 11 (Silt) No data a
- Page 117 and 118:
2.7.6. Texture 6 (Sandy Clay Loam)
- Page 119 and 120:
Rdn (kgN ha-1 d-1) Rdn (kgN ha-1 d-
- Page 121 and 122:
Rdn (kgN ha-1 d-1) Texture 8 Tepera
- Page 123 and 124:
Rdn (kgN ha-1 d-1) Texture 8 Tepera
- Page 125 and 126:
2.8. Summary The correlation coeffi
- Page 127 and 128:
where, M is the slope of the linear
- Page 129 and 130:
Hence for the first set of equation
- Page 131 and 132:
3.2.2. Texture-Temperature-WFP-pH T
- Page 133 and 134:
Organic Carbon (%) Actual Rdn Gener
- Page 135 and 136:
R dn Results C = 9.389 - 3.210* M -
- Page 137 and 138:
The actual denitrification values f
- Page 139 and 140:
Eigenvalue 1.5 1.4 1.3 1.2 1.1 1.0
- Page 141 and 142:
R indicated by the significant code
- Page 143 and 144:
R Table 4.5 Comparison of actual an
- Page 145 and 146:
Table 4.8 Texture 2, Comparison of
- Page 147 and 148:
Table 4.11 Comparison of actual and
- Page 149 and 150:
The two equations are applied to th
- Page 151 and 152:
R R dn dn = - 0.05 ∗Temperature (
- Page 153 and 154:
Table 4.19 Texture 8, Linear multi-
- Page 155 and 156:
Table 4.20 Continued Actual Rdn Pre
- Page 157 and 158:
Once again the equations developed
- Page 159 and 160:
4.2.11. Texture 11 (Silt) No data a
- Page 161 and 162:
CHAPTER FIVE 5. ANALYSIS USING NEUR
- Page 163 and 164:
Figure 5.2 McCulloch-Pitts (Meyer-B
- Page 165 and 166:
developed. In order to control over
- Page 167 and 168:
Eventually the final set of network
- Page 169 and 170:
5.4.4. Texture 5 (Sand) Figure 5.5
- Page 171 and 172:
5.4.6. Texture 8 (Silt Loam) Figure
- Page 173 and 174:
5.4.8. Texture 10 (Silty Clay Loam)
- Page 175 and 176: CHAPTER SIX 6. USE OF ISOTOPES TO E
- Page 177 and 178: 18 ⎛ ⎛ ⎜ O ⎞ 16 ⎜ ⎜ ⎟
- Page 179 and 180: Figure 6.1 Estimation of Nitrate Lo
- Page 181 and 182: δ 18 O 12 10 8 6 4 2 Table 6.1 Egg
- Page 183 and 184: δ 18 O 20.00 18.00 16.00 14.00 12.
- Page 185 and 186: CHAPTER SEVEN 7. APPLICATION TO JAC
- Page 187 and 188: 7.2. Multiple Regression Three equa
- Page 189 and 190: Table 7.4 Multi-Regression and Neur
- Page 191 and 192: 8.3. Main Results The linear equati
- Page 193 and 194: isotopes can be particularly useful
- Page 195 and 196: APPENDIX B CONVERSION SHEET FOR DEN
- Page 197 and 198: iv. v. vi. Given in the dataset: 1.
- Page 199 and 200: Conversion from −3 −1 g N m d t
- Page 201 and 202: Convert From Multiply by Convert to
- Page 203 and 204: Texture 4 Variable Count N* Mean St
- Page 205 and 206: Texture 10 Variable Count N* Mean S
- Page 207 and 208: Texture-Temperature-WFP-pH Code Equ
- Page 209 and 210: 09-15-25-09 Rdn = 0.0106688*OC + 0.
- Page 211 and 212: Code Rdn - OC Code Rdn-WFP Code Rdn
- Page 213 and 214: - Code Rdn - OC Code Rdn - pH Code
- Page 215 and 216: - Code Rdn - OC Code Rdn - NO3 Conc
- Page 217 and 218: Code Rdn - OC Code Rdn - pH 08-25-9
- Page 219 and 220: REFERENCES Almasri, M. N., & Kaluar
- Page 221 and 222: Fellows, C., Hunter, H., Eccleston,
- Page 223 and 224: King, D., & Nedwell, D. B. (1985).
- Page 225: Ozden, T., & Muhammetoglu, H. (2008
- Page 229 and 230: Zhu, J., Liu, G., Han, Y., Zhang, Y