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Texture 8 Temperature 17 : Denitrification Rate Vs. Water Filled Porosity Rdn (kgN ha-1 d-1) 0.011 0.010 0.009 0.008 0.007 0.006 0.005 0.004 0.003 0.002 20 Rdn (kgN ha-1 d-1) = - 0.009038 + 0.000559 WFP (%) S 0.0013923 R-Sq 73.7% 22 24 26 WFP (%) Figure 2.30 8-17; Denitrification Rate Vs. Water filled Porosity Texture 8 Temperature 4 : Denitrification Rate Vs. Nitrate Concentration Rdn (kgN ha-1 d-1) 0.08 0.07 0.06 0.05 0.04 0.03 0.02 0.01 0.00 Rdn (kgN ha-1 d-1) = - 0.005474 + 0.01689 NO3- Conc( µgN g-1 soil) S 0.0093829 R-Sq 80.5% 1.0 1.5 57 28 2.0 2.5 3.0 NO3- Conc( µgN g-1 soil) Figure 2.31 8-4; Denitrification Rate Vs. Nitrate Concentration 30 3.5 32 4.0
Texture 8 Temperature 15 : Denitrification Rate Vs. Nitrate Concentration Rdn (kgN ha-1 d-1) 2.0 1.5 1.0 0.5 0.0 0 Rdn (kgN ha-1 d-1) = - 0.3874 + 0.01884 NO3- Conc( µgN g-1 soil) S 0.252597 R-Sq 88.7% 20 40 60 80 NO3- Conc( µgN g-1 soil) Figure 2.32 8-15; Denitrification Rate Vs. Nitrate Concentration 2.4.9. Texture 9 (Silty Clay) Based on temperature, texture 9 was subdivided into the following subsets: 9-4 (n=13), 9- 5 (n=22), 9-6 (n=12), 9-7 (n=37), 9-8 (n=26), 9-9 (n=8), 9-10 (n=5), 9-11 (n=3), 9-12 (n=10), 9-13 (n=25), 9-14 (n=11), 9-15 (n=19), 9-16 (n=13),9-17 (n=14), 9-18 (n=23), 9- 19 (n=6), 9-20 (n=8), 9-21 (n=4), 9-25 (n=6),9-28 (n=9), and 9-30 (n=5). While all of the sub-sets showed an improvement in the linear correlation between the denitrification rate and organic carbon, except for 9-20, 9-25, 9-28 and 9-30 (Figure 2.33 - Figure 2.36) none of the subsets were significantly correlated. The only subset to show a significant relationship between the denitrification rate and water filled porosity is 9-11. The subsets that showed a significant correlation between the denitrification rate and pH are 9-10, 9-11, 9-20 and 9-30 (Figure 2.37 - Figure 2.39). The subsets with a significant correlation between the denitrification rate and nitrate concentration are; 9-11 and 9-28. (Figure 2.40 and Figure 2.41) 58 100 120
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THE FLORIDA STATE UNIVERSITY ARTS A
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To my Dad, Mum and Brother iii
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Dr. Stephen Kish for his words of e
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1.5. Evaluation of methods to estim
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2.5.8. Texture 8 (Silt Loam).......
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4.2.6. Texture 6 (Sandy Clay Loam).
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LIST OF TABLES Table 1.1 Additional
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LIST OF FIGURES Figure 1.1 Oxidatio
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Figure 2.51 8-20-84; Denitrificatio
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Figure 3.6 Probability plot (Textur
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Three statistical methods were used
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• Microbial biomass/ plant uptake
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Figure 1.1 Oxidation of organic car
Page 27 and 28: possibility of denitrification (Smi
Page 29 and 30: 50ºC (36ºF - 122ºF) (Brady & Wei
Page 31 and 32: 1.2.6. Salinity Salinity is a known
Page 33 and 34: 1.3.1. The Acetylene inhibition met
Page 35 and 36: Among the variety of successful met
Page 37 and 38: a first-order decay process. The ma
Page 39 and 40: look at the data shows that it fail
Page 41 and 42: Da is the denitrification rate (mg
Page 43 and 44: a simple linear regression of organ
Page 45 and 46: of the annual N2O emission and deni
Page 47 and 48: easons for the limitation of the mo
Page 49 and 50: Table 1.2 Continued dC / dt Organic
Page 51 and 52: also implies that the transferabili
Page 53 and 54: CHAPTER TWO 2. LINEAR REGRESSION An
Page 55 and 56: an improvement on the earlier attem
Page 57 and 58: 2.3. Texture Table 2.1 Soil Textura
Page 59 and 60: 2.3.5. Texture 5 (Sand) The surfici
Page 61 and 62: 2.3.10. Texture 10 (Silty Clay Loam
Page 63 and 64: Textural Class Table 2.2 Coefficien
Page 65 and 66: R_d_n (kgN ha-1 d-1) R_d_n (kgN ha-
Page 67 and 68: 2.4.3. Texture 3 (Loam) Texture 3 c
Page 69 and 70: R_d_n (kgN ha-1 d-1) Texture 3 Temp
Page 71 and 72: R_d_n (kgN ha-1 d-1) 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
Page 73 and 74: 2.4.7. Texture 7 (Sandy Loam) The S
Page 75 and 76: Texture 7 Temperature 12 : Denitrif
Page 77: Texture 7 Temperature 28 : Denitrif
Page 81 and 82: Rdn (kgN ha-1 d-1) Texture 9 Temper
Page 83 and 84: Rdn (kgN ha-1 d-1) 16 12 8 4 0 Text
Page 85 and 86: 2.5. Break down by Texture, Tempera
Page 89 and 90: 8-20-34 (n=3), 8-20-84 (n=4), 8-20-
Page 93 and 94: Subsets 9-7-100, 9-25-100 and 9-30-
Page 95 and 96: Texture 10 Temperature 25 WFP 100 :
Page 97 and 98: a significant linear relationship b
Page 105 and 106: Rdn (kgN ha-1 d-1) Rdn (kgN ha-1 d-
Page 109 and 110: C9 Rdn (kgN ha-1 d-1) 12 10 8 6 4 2
Page 113 and 114: Rdn (kgN ha-1 d-1) Texture 10 Tempe
Page 115 and 116: 2.6.11. Texture 11 (Silt) No data a
Page 117 and 118: 2.7.6. Texture 6 (Sandy Clay Loam)
Page 121 and 122: Rdn (kgN ha-1 d-1) Texture 8 Tepera
Page 123 and 124: Rdn (kgN ha-1 d-1) Texture 8 Tepera
Page 125 and 126: 2.8. Summary The correlation coeffi
Page 127 and 128: where, M is the slope of the linear
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Hence for the first set of equation
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3.2.2. Texture-Temperature-WFP-pH T
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Organic Carbon (%) Actual Rdn Gener
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R dn Results C = 9.389 - 3.210* M -
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The actual denitrification values f
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Eigenvalue 1.5 1.4 1.3 1.2 1.1 1.0
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R indicated by the significant code
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R Table 4.5 Comparison of actual an
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Table 4.8 Texture 2, Comparison of
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Table 4.11 Comparison of actual and
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The two equations are applied to th
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R R dn dn = - 0.05 ∗Temperature (
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Table 4.19 Texture 8, Linear multi-
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Table 4.20 Continued Actual Rdn Pre
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Once again the equations developed
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4.2.11. Texture 11 (Silt) No data a
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CHAPTER FIVE 5. ANALYSIS USING NEUR
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Figure 5.2 McCulloch-Pitts (Meyer-B
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developed. In order to control over
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Eventually the final set of network
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5.4.4. Texture 5 (Sand) Figure 5.5
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5.4.6. Texture 8 (Silt Loam) Figure
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5.4.8. Texture 10 (Silty Clay Loam)
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CHAPTER SIX 6. USE OF ISOTOPES TO E
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18 ⎛ ⎛ ⎜ O ⎞ 16 ⎜ ⎜ ⎟
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Figure 6.1 Estimation of Nitrate Lo
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δ 18 O 12 10 8 6 4 2 Table 6.1 Egg
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δ 18 O 20.00 18.00 16.00 14.00 12.
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CHAPTER SEVEN 7. APPLICATION TO JAC
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7.2. Multiple Regression Three equa
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Table 7.4 Multi-Regression and Neur
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8.3. Main Results The linear equati
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isotopes can be particularly useful
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APPENDIX B CONVERSION SHEET FOR DEN
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iv. v. vi. Given in the dataset: 1.
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Conversion from −3 −1 g N m d t
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Convert From Multiply by Convert to
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Texture 4 Variable Count N* Mean St
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Texture 10 Variable Count N* Mean S
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Texture-Temperature-WFP-pH Code Equ
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09-15-25-09 Rdn = 0.0106688*OC + 0.
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Code Rdn - OC Code Rdn-WFP Code Rdn
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- Code Rdn - OC Code Rdn - pH Code
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- Code Rdn - OC Code Rdn - NO3 Conc
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Code Rdn - OC Code Rdn - pH 08-25-9
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REFERENCES Almasri, M. N., & Kaluar
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Fellows, C., Hunter, H., Eccleston,
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King, D., & Nedwell, D. B. (1985).
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Ozden, T., & Muhammetoglu, H. (2008
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Smith, R., Bohlke, J., Garabedian,
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Zhu, J., Liu, G., Han, Y., Zhang, Y
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