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Brettar, I., & Hofle, M. G. (2002). Close correlation between the nitrate elimination rate by denitrification and the organic matter content in hardwood forest soils of the upper rhine floodplain. (france). Wetlands, 22(2), 214. Burford, J. R., & Bremner, J. M. (1975). Relationships between the denitrification capacities of soils and total, water-soluble and readily decomposable soil organic matter. Soil Biology Biochemistry, 7(6), 389. Cannavo, P., Richaume, A., & Lafolie, F. (2004). Fate of nitrogen and carbon in the vadose zone: In situ and laboratory measurements of seasonal variations in aerobic respiratory and denitrifying activities. Soil Biology Biochemistry, 36(3), 463. Canter, L. W. (1997). Nitrates in groundwater. Boca Raton , Florida: Lewis Publishers. Cavigelli, M. A., & Robertson, G. P. (2000). The functional significance of denitrifier community composition in a terrestrial ecosystem. Ecology, 81(5), 1402. Chen, D. J. Z., & MacQuarrie, K. T. B. (2005). Correlation of delta N-15 and delta O-18 in NO3- during denitrification in groundwater. Journal of Environmental Engineering and Science, 4(3), 221. Cosandey, A., Maitre, V., & Guenat, C. (2003). Temporal denitrification patterns in different horizons of two riparian soils. European Journal of Soil Science, 54(1), 25-37. David, M. B., & Gentry, L. E. (2000). Anthropogenic inputs of nitrogen and phosphorus and riverine export for illinois, USA. Journal of Environmental Quality, 29(2), 494. Davis, H. (1998). Ground-water hydrology and simulation of ground-water flow at operable unit 3 and surrounding region, U.S. naval air station, jacksonville, florida. No. 98-68) Debernardi, L., De Luca, D. A., & Lasagna, M. (2008). Correlation between nitrate concentration in groundwater and parameters affecting aquifer intrinsic vulnerability. Environmental Geology, 55(3), 539. Domagalski, J. L., Phillips, S. P., Bayless, E. R., Zamora, C., b Kendall, C., Wildman, R. A., et al. (2008). Influences of the unsaturated, saturated, and riparian zones on the transport of nitrate near the merced river, california, USA. Hydrogeology Journal, 16(4), 675. Einsiedl, F., Maloszewski, P., & Stichler, W. (2005). Estimation of denitrification potential in a karst aquifer using the N-15 and O-18 isotopes of NO3-. Biogeochemistry, 72(1), 67. Fausett, L. V. (1994). Fundamentals of neural networks : Architectures, algorithms, and applications. Englewood Cliffs, N.J.: Prentice-Hall. 199
Fellows, C., Hunter, H., Eccleston, C., De Hayr, R., Rassam, D., & Beard, N. (2011). Denitrification potential of intermittently saturated floodplain soils from a subtropical perennial stream and an ephemeral tributary. Soil Biology Biochemistry, 43(2), 324-332. Fenn, M. E., Baron, J. S., Allen, E. B., Rueth, H. M., Nydick, K. R., Geiser, L., et al. (2003). Ecological effects of nitrogen deposition in the western united states. Bioscience, 53(4), 404. Fenn, M., Haeuber, R., Tonnesen, G., Baron, J., Grossman-Clarke, S., & Hope, D. (2003). Nitrogen emissions, deposition, and monitoring in the western united states. Bioscience, 53(4), 391. Firestone, M. K., Firestone, R. B., & Tiedje, J. M. (1980). Nitrous oxide from soil denitrification: Factors controlling its biological production. Science, 208(4445), 749. Florida Department of Health, & Hazen and Sawyer. (2009). Florida onsite sewage nitrogen reduction strategies study. Fukada, T., Hiscock, K. M., Dennis, P. F., & Grischek, T. (2003). A dual isotope approach to identify denitrification in groundwater at a river-bank infiltration site. Water Research, 37(13), 3070. Gilbert, Y., Le Bihan, Y., & Lessard, P. (2006). Acetylene blockage technique as a tool to determine denitrification potential of a biomass fixed on an organic media treating wastewater. Journal of Environmental Engineering and Science, 5(5), 437. Gillham, R. W., & Cherry, J. A. (1978). Field evidence of denitrification in shallow groundwater flow systems. Water Pollution Research in Canada, Glass, C., & Silverstein, J. (1998). Denitrification kinetics of high nitrate concentration water: PH effect on inhibition and nitrite accumulation. Water Research, 32(3), 831. Green, C. T., Fisher, L. H., & Bekins, B. A. (2008). Nitrogen fluxes through unsaturated zones in five agricultural settings across the united states. Journal of Environmental Quality, 37(3), 1073. Green, C. T., Puckett, L., Bohlke, J. K., Bekins, B. A., Phillips, S. P., Kauffman, L. J., et al. (2008). Limited occurrence of denitrification in four shallow aquifers in agricultural areas of the united states. Journal of Environmental Quality, 37(3), 994. Grischek, T., Hiscock, K. M., Metschies, T., Dennis, P. F., & Nestler , W. (1998). Factors affecting denitrification during infiltration of river water into a sand and gravel aquifer in saxony, germany. Water Research, 32(2), 450. 200
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THE FLORIDA STATE UNIVERSITY ARTS A
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To my Dad, Mum and Brother iii
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Dr. Stephen Kish for his words of e
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1.5. Evaluation of methods to estim
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2.5.8. Texture 8 (Silt Loam).......
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4.2.6. Texture 6 (Sandy Clay Loam).
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LIST OF TABLES Table 1.1 Additional
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LIST OF FIGURES Figure 1.1 Oxidatio
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Figure 2.51 8-20-84; Denitrificatio
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Figure 3.6 Probability plot (Textur
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Three statistical methods were used
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• Microbial biomass/ plant uptake
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Figure 1.1 Oxidation of organic car
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possibility of denitrification (Smi
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50ºC (36ºF - 122ºF) (Brady & Wei
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1.2.6. Salinity Salinity is a known
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1.3.1. The Acetylene inhibition met
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Among the variety of successful met
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a first-order decay process. The ma
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look at the data shows that it fail
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Da is the denitrification rate (mg
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a simple linear regression of organ
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of the annual N2O emission and deni
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easons for the limitation of the mo
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Table 1.2 Continued dC / dt Organic
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also implies that the transferabili
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CHAPTER TWO 2. LINEAR REGRESSION An
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an improvement on the earlier attem
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2.3. Texture Table 2.1 Soil Textura
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2.3.5. Texture 5 (Sand) The surfici
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2.3.10. Texture 10 (Silty Clay Loam
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Textural Class Table 2.2 Coefficien
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R_d_n (kgN ha-1 d-1) R_d_n (kgN ha-
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2.4.3. Texture 3 (Loam) Texture 3 c
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R_d_n (kgN ha-1 d-1) Texture 3 Temp
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R_d_n (kgN ha-1 d-1) 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
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2.4.7. Texture 7 (Sandy Loam) The S
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Texture 7 Temperature 12 : Denitrif
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Rdn (kgN ha-1 d-1) Texture 9 Temper
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Rdn (kgN ha-1 d-1) 16 12 8 4 0 Text
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2.5. Break down by Texture, Tempera
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8-20-34 (n=3), 8-20-84 (n=4), 8-20-
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Subsets 9-7-100, 9-25-100 and 9-30-
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Texture 10 Temperature 25 WFP 100 :
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a significant linear relationship b
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Rdn (kgN ha-1 d-1) Rdn (kgN ha-1 d-
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C9 Rdn (kgN ha-1 d-1) 12 10 8 6 4 2
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Rdn (kgN ha-1 d-1) Texture 10 Tempe
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2.6.11. Texture 11 (Silt) No data a
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2.7.6. Texture 6 (Sandy Clay Loam)
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Rdn (kgN ha-1 d-1) Texture 8 Tepera
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Rdn (kgN ha-1 d-1) Texture 8 Tepera
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2.8. Summary The correlation coeffi
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where, M is the slope of the linear
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Hence for the first set of equation
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3.2.2. Texture-Temperature-WFP-pH T
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Organic Carbon (%) Actual Rdn Gener
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R dn Results C = 9.389 - 3.210* M -
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The actual denitrification values f
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Eigenvalue 1.5 1.4 1.3 1.2 1.1 1.0
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R indicated by the significant code
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R Table 4.5 Comparison of actual an
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Table 4.8 Texture 2, Comparison of
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Table 4.11 Comparison of actual and
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The two equations are applied to th
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R R dn dn = - 0.05 ∗Temperature (
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Table 4.19 Texture 8, Linear multi-
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Table 4.20 Continued Actual Rdn Pre
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Once again the equations developed
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4.2.11. Texture 11 (Silt) No data a
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CHAPTER FIVE 5. ANALYSIS USING NEUR
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Figure 5.2 McCulloch-Pitts (Meyer-B
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developed. In order to control over
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Eventually the final set of network
Page 169 and 170: 5.4.4. Texture 5 (Sand) Figure 5.5
Page 171 and 172: 5.4.6. Texture 8 (Silt Loam) Figure
Page 173 and 174: 5.4.8. Texture 10 (Silty Clay Loam)
Page 175 and 176: CHAPTER SIX 6. USE OF ISOTOPES TO E
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Page 179 and 180: Figure 6.1 Estimation of Nitrate Lo
Page 181 and 182: δ 18 O 12 10 8 6 4 2 Table 6.1 Egg
Page 183 and 184: δ 18 O 20.00 18.00 16.00 14.00 12.
Page 185 and 186: CHAPTER SEVEN 7. APPLICATION TO JAC
Page 187 and 188: 7.2. Multiple Regression Three equa
Page 189 and 190: Table 7.4 Multi-Regression and Neur
Page 191 and 192: 8.3. Main Results The linear equati
Page 193 and 194: isotopes can be particularly useful
Page 195 and 196: APPENDIX B CONVERSION SHEET FOR DEN
Page 197 and 198: iv. v. vi. Given in the dataset: 1.
Page 199 and 200: Conversion from −3 −1 g N m d t
Page 201 and 202: Convert From Multiply by Convert to
Page 203 and 204: Texture 4 Variable Count N* Mean St
Page 205 and 206: Texture 10 Variable Count N* Mean S
Page 207 and 208: Texture-Temperature-WFP-pH Code Equ
Page 209 and 210: 09-15-25-09 Rdn = 0.0106688*OC + 0.
Page 211 and 212: Code Rdn - OC Code Rdn-WFP Code Rdn
Page 213 and 214: - Code Rdn - OC Code Rdn - pH Code
Page 215 and 216: - Code Rdn - OC Code Rdn - NO3 Conc
Page 217 and 218: Code Rdn - OC Code Rdn - pH 08-25-9
Page 219: REFERENCES Almasri, M. N., & Kaluar
Page 223 and 224: King, D., & Nedwell, D. B. (1985).
Page 225 and 226: Ozden, T., & Muhammetoglu, H. (2008
Page 227 and 228: Smith, R., Bohlke, J., Garabedian,
Page 229 and 230: Zhu, J., Liu, G., Han, Y., Zhang, Y
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