Biomass Energy Data Book: Edition 4 - Full Document - Center for ...

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SECTION: BIOFUELS Biodiesel Production Capacity by Feedstock Annual Production Feedstock Capacity Canola 93,000,000 Canola, Camelina, Safflower, Sunflower Crude or Refined Vegetable Oils Full Spectrum, including but not limited to Yellow Grease, Jatropha & Algae 250,000 36,000,000 3,000,000 Multi Feedstock 1,664,700,000 Palm 15,000,000 Recycled Cooking Oil 6,430,000 Recycled Cooking Oil, Tallow 1,500,000 Soy 496,900,000 Sunflower, Canola 3,000,000 Tallow 1,250,000 Used Cooking Oil 1,500,000 Waste Oil 11,030,000 Waste Vegetable Oil 2,500,000 Yellow Grease 3,000,000 Unknown 63,900,000 Total 2,402,960,000 Source: National Biodiesel Board. http://www.biodiesel.org/buyingbiodiesel/plants/showall.aspx?Aspx Biomass Energy Data Book – 2011 – http://cta.ornl.gov/bedb
It is extremely important to realize that vegetable oils are mixtures of tryglycerides from various fatty acids. The composition of vegetable oils varies with the plant source. The table below indicates the percentages of each type of fatty acid that is in common vegetable oils or animal fats. The two numbers at the top of each column represents the number of carbon atoms and double bonds (e.g. 16:0 refers to the 16 carbon atoms and 0 double bonds found in the long chain of Palmitic acid). See text on Typical Proportions of Chemicals Used to Make Biodiesel (Commercial Biodiesel Production Methods) for a description of several types of tryglycerides that are found in vegetable oils. Oil or fat 14:0 16:0 18:0 18:1 18:2 18:3 20:0 22:1 Soybean 6-10 2-5 20-30 50-60 5-11 Corn 1-2 8-12 2-5 19-49 34-52 trace Peanut 8-9 2-3 50-60 20-30 Olive 9-10 2-3 73-84 10-12 trace Cottonseed 0-2 20-25 1-2 23-35 40-50 trace Hi Linoleic Safflower 5.9 1.5 8.8 83.8 Hi Oleic Safflower 4.8 1.4 74.1 19.7 Hi Oleic Rapeseed 4.3 1.3 59.9 21.1 13.2 Hi Erucic 3.0 0.8 13.1 14.1 9.7 7.4 50.7 Rapeseed Section: BIOFUELS Composition of Various Oils and Fats Used for Biodiesel (percentage of each type of fatty acid common to each type of feedstock) Butter 7-10 24-26 10-13 28-31 1-2.5 .2-.5 Lard 1-2 28-30 12-18 40-50 7-13 0-1 Tallow 3-6 24-32 20-25 37-43 2-3 Linseed Oil 4-7 2-4 25-40 35-40 25-60 Yellow grease 2.43 23.24 12.96 44.32 6.97 0.67 (typical) 16:1=3.97 Source: J. Van Gerpen, B. Shanks, R. Pruszko, D. Clements, and G. Knothe, 2004, Biodiesel Production Technology, National Renewable Energy Laboratory subcontractor report NREL/SR-510-36244, chapter 1, page 1. Please see this document for a full discussion. Available on-line at: www.nrel.gov/docs/fy04osti/36244.pdf Biomass Energy Data Book – 2011 – http://cta.ornl.gov/bedb
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USEFUL WEB SITES GOVERNMENT LINKS U
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Users of the Biomass Energy Data B
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PREFACE The Department of Energy, t
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INTRODUCTION TO BIOMASS Contents Da
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Legislation passed in December 2007
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Natural Gas Plant Nuclear Electric
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Biofuels, which are produced mainly
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In 2010, biomass accounted for abou
Page 18 and 19: Biomass is the single largest sourc
Page 20 and 21: Life-cycle analyses (LCAs) are anot
Page 22 and 23: Indirect Land-Use Change - The Issu
Page 24 and 25: Greenhouse gas emissions are one of
Page 26 and 27: potential energy crop supplies vary
Page 28 and 29: In 2007, the United States had a to
Page 30 and 31: Section: INTRODUCTION Geographic Lo
Page 32 and 33: Section: INTRODUCTION Geographic Lo
Page 34 and 35: Currently used biomass feedstocks a
Page 36 and 37: BIOFUELS Contents Data Type Updated
Page 38 and 39: Biofuels Overview A variety of fuel
Page 40 and 41: Section: BIOFUELS Diagram of Routes
Page 42 and 43: Ethanol Overview There are two type
Page 44 and 45: Property Ethanol Gasoline No. 2 Die
Page 46 and 47: Fuel ethanol production has been on
Page 48 and 49: Although ethanol can be made from a
Page 50 and 51: With increased blending of ethanol
Page 52 and 53: The mash is processed in a high-tem
Page 54 and 55: 4. Cellulose Hydrolysis. In this st
Page 56 and 57: Ethanol is used as an oxygenate, bl
Page 58 and 59: The net energy balance and greenhou
Page 60 and 61: This figure shows the fossil energy
Page 62 and 63: The GREET model was developed by Ar
Page 64 and 65: Biodiesel Overview Biodiesel is a c
Page 66 and 67: SECTION: BIOFUELS Biodiesel Product
Page 70 and 71: Section: BIOFUELS Typical Proportio
Page 72 and 73: Property Test Method B6 to B20 S15
Page 74 and 75: The results of a study conducted by
Page 76 and 77: Pyrolysis is thermal decomposition
Page 78 and 79: Bio-oil is a liquid fuel made from
Page 80 and 81: Section: BIOFUELS Annotated Summary
Page 82 and 83: BIOPOWER Contents Data Type Updated
Page 84 and 85: Technology Category Biomass Convers
Page 86 and 87: Reburning with Wood Fuels for NOx M
Page 88 and 89: Fuel And EIA Fuel Code Emissions Un
Page 90 and 91: For the purpose of agricultural soi
Page 92 and 93: There are three distinct markets fo
Page 94 and 95: There are a growing number of utili
Page 96 and 97: Utility Green Pricing Programs Usin
Page 98 and 99: Utility Green Pricing Programs Usin
Page 100 and 101: Competitive Electricity Markets Ret
Page 102 and 103: Number of New Biomass Plants Megawa
Page 104 and 105: Current Biomass Power Plants (Conti
Page 106 and 107: New Plants Megawatts 100 90 80 70 6
Page 108 and 109: Current Landfill Gas Power Plants (
Page 116 and 117: New Plants Megawatts 35 30 25 20 15
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Current Municipal Solid Waste Power
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Green Pricing Programs, which allow
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Section: BIOPOWER Coal Displacement
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Section: BIOPOWER Number of Home El
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Biorefineries Overview As a petrole
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Below are nineteen projects relevan
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Section: BIOREFINERIES Integrated B
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SECTION: BIOREFINERIES Integrated B
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FEEDSTOCKS Contents Data Type Updat
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Pellet and Cordwood Appliance Shipm
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Year Planted a Harvested 1,000 Acre
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Item Gross value of production 2009
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The figure below shows that corn us
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Overall, the price for corn has bee
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Production of sufficient quantities
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Due largely to increased ethanol de
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Production of food for domestic liv
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These data show that government sub
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2007 2008 2009 2007 2008 2009 2007
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Year Area Planted Harvested Section
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The price for sorghum declined from
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Sorghum is used for ethanol product
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Item 2009/10 2010/11 2011/12 2012/1
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Planted a Year harvested Marketing
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Supply Section: FEEDSTOCKS Wheat: S
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Camelina can be grown under margina
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2007 2008 2009 b 2007 2008 2009 b 2
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USDA's 2008 soybean baseline projec
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Year Area Planted Section: FEEDSTOC
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In 2006, soybean stocks and product
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Soybean production area is similar
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Using algae as a feedstock for biof
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Logging residues are the unused por
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Forest residue thinnings are the ma
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The Forest Service's State and Priv
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The map below showing feedlot capac
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Although the mill residues shown in
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Shipments of cordwood appliances ha
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Construction and demolition produce
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Appendix A - Conversions Contents D
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Section: Appendix A Heat Content Ra
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The Effect of Moisture on Heating V
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Measured Moisture, Elements, and Hi
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List and Definition of Symbols Symb
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Section: Appendix A Estimation of B
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Section: Appendix A Stand Level Bio
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The conversions in this table are o
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Section: Appendix A Estimating Tons
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Mass Section: Appendix A Mass Units
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Capacity and Volume 1 U.S. gallon (
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FROM: MJ J k W h Btu IT cal IT mega
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Section: Appendix A Alternative Mea
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Section: Appendix A SI Prefixes and
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Section: Appendix A Cost per Unit C
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Bioenergy Feedstocks Liquid Biofuel
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Bioenergy Feedstocks Liquid Biofuel
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Avoided costs - An investment guide
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Bulk density - Weight per unit of v
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harvested and cropland left idle al
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Feller-buncher - A self-propelled m
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Gasifier - A device for converting
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Horsepower - (electrical horsepower
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Moisture content - (MC) The weight
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Photosynthesis - Process by which c
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Reserve margin - The amount by whic
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Sustainable - An ecosystem conditio
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Waste streams - Unused solid or liq
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