DANISH EMISSION INVENTORIES FOR ROAD TRANSPORT ...

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Veh. No x 10 3
Veh. No x 10 3
2000
1600
1200
800
400
450
400
350
300
250
200
150
100
50
0
0
1990
1990
1992
Gasoline passenger cars
1994
1996
1998
2000
2002
2004
2006
2008
PRE ECE ECE 15/00-01 ECE 15/02
ECE 15/03 ECE 15/04 Euro I
Euro II Euro III Euro IV
1992
1994
Light duty vehicles
1996
1998
2000
Conventional Euro I Euro II Euro III Euro IV Euro V
2002
2004
2006
2008
2010
2010
Veh. No x 10 3
Veh. No x 10 3
600
550
500
450
400
350
300
250
200
150
100
50
0
1990
70
60
50
40
30
20
10
0
1990
1992
Diesel passenger cars
1994
1996
1998
2000
Conventional Euro I Euro II Euro III Euro IV Euro V
1992
1994
2002
Trucks and buses
1996
1998
2000
2002
2004
2004
2006
2006
2008
2008
Conventional Euro I Euro II Euro III Euro IV Euro V
Figure 4.2 Layer distribution of vehicle numbers pr vehicle type in 1990-2010.
4.2 Emission legislation
The EU 443/2009 regulation sets new emission performance standards for
new passenger cars as part of the Community's integrated approach to reduce
CO2 emissions from light-duty vehicles. Some key elements of the
adopted text are as follows:
Limit value curve: the fleet average to be achieved by all cars registered
in the EU is 130 gram CO2 pr kilometre (g pr km). A so-called limit value
curve implies that heavier cars are allowed higher emissions than lighter
cars while preserving the overall fleet average.
Further reduction: A further reduction of 10 g CO2 pr km, or equivalent
if technically necessary, will be delivered by other technological improvements
and by an increased use of sustainable biofuels.
Phasing-in of requirements: in 2012, 65% of each manufacturer's newly
registered cars must comply on average with the limit value curve set by
the legislation. This will rise to 75% in 2013, 80% in 2014, and 100% from
2015 onwards.
Lower penalty payments for small excess emissions until 2018: If the
average CO2 emissions of a manufacturer's fleet exceed its limit value in
any year from 2012, the manufacturer has to pay an excess emissions
premium for each car registered. This premium amounts to €5 for the
first g pr km of exceedance, €15 for the second g pr km, €25 for the third g
pr km, and €95 for each subsequent g pr km. From 2019, already the first
g pr km of exceedance will cost €95.
Long-term target: a target of 95g CO2 pr km is specified for the year 2020.
The modalities for reaching this target and the aspects of its implementation
including the excess emissions premium will have to be defined in a
review to be completed no later than the beginning of 2013.
Eco-innovations: because the test procedure used for vehicle type approval
is outdated, certain innovative technologies cannot demonstrate
their CO2-reducing effects under the type approval test. As an interim
2010
2010