DANISH EMISSION INVENTORIES FOR ROAD TRANSPORT ...

ook. For previous years the background data consist of LTO/aircraft type
statistics from Copenhagen Airport and total LTO numbers from the Danish
Transport Authority. With appropriate assumptions a consistent time-series
of emissions is produced back to 1985 using also the findings from a Danish
city-pair emission inventory in 1998 (Winther, 2001b).
National sea transport is split into regional ferries, small ferries, freight
transport between Denmark and Greenland/Faroe Islands, and other national
sea transport. For regional ferries, the fuel consumption and emissions
are calculated as a product of number of round trips, sailing time per round
trip, engine size, engine load factor and fuel consumption/emission factor.
For small ferries, freight transport between Denmark and Greenland/Faroe
Islands, and other national sea transport, the calculations are simply fuel
based using the fuel consumption findings from Danish surveys in combination
with average fuel related emission factors.
Non-road working machines and equipment, and recreational craft are
grouped in the following sectors: Agriculture, Forestry, Industry, Household/Gardening,
Commercial/Institutional and Inland Waterways. In general
the emissions are calculated by combining information on the number of
different machine types and their respective load factors, engine sizes, annual
working hours and emission factors.
For military, railways and fisheries the emissions are calculated as the product
of fuel use and emission factors.
Fuel sales data are obtained from the Danish energy statistics provided by
the Danish Energy Agency (DEA). For road transport and aviation the emission
results are adjusted in a fuel balance to ensure that all statistical fuel
sold is accounted for in the calculations. For national sea transport, the fuel
consumption of heavy oil and gas oil is calculated directly by DCE. Fuel adjustments
are made in the fishery sector (gas oil) and stationary industry
sources (heavy fuel oil) in order to maintain the grand national energy balance.
In order to comply with the IPCC guidelines the fuel consumption by
vessels between Denmark and Greenland/Faroe Islands are subtracted from
the DEA fuel sales figures for international sea transport, and added to the
national part of the emission inventories.
Emissions from road transport
Set in relation to the Danish national emission totals, the largest emission
shares for road transport are noted for NOX, CO, CO2, NMVOC, TSP, PM2.5
and PM10. In 2010 the emission percentages were 34, 27, 26, 15, 10, 10 and 9,
respectively. The emissions of NH3, N2O, CH4 and SO2 have marginal shares
of 1.9, 2.0, 0.2 and 0.5 %, respectively.
From 1990 to 2010 the calculated emission changes for CO2 (and fuel use),
CH4 and N2O are 30, -74 and 29 %. For NOX, NMVOC, CO and particulates
(exhaust only: Size is below PM2.5), the 1985-2010 emission changes are -52, -
84, -81, and -65 %.
The most significant emission changes from 1985 to 2010 occur for SO2 and
NH3. For SO2 the emission drop is 99 % (due to reduced sulphur content in
the diesel fuel), whereas the NH3 emissions increase by 2232 % (due to the
introduction of catalyst cars).
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