Carbon dioxide removal in indirect gasification - SGC

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SGC Rapport 2013:277 Figure 2. Single-pass throughwall cooled methanation process [1]. 2.2.3 Fluidized-bed reactor Methanation as well as other highly exothermic processes can favorably be carried out in a fluidized reactor. The main advantages with fluidized bed reactors are; evenly dispersed catalyst and reactant gases, low thermal gradients and thus better temperature control and easy catalyst replacement. Two processes were found in the literature that uses a fluidized-bed – developed at Thyssen and Paul Scherrer Institute. The Comflux methanation was operated 1980-1985, for about 8,000 h and was developed by Thyssengas. The process was run at 60 bar and with a H2/CO of 2.7-4. This has several advantages such as minimizing the carbon dioxide formation from the water-gas shift reaction [8]. In addition to this, further work has been performed in recent years at Paul Scherrer Institute [9-11]. 2.3 Gas quality There are significant differences in gas quality within Europeing. Describing the differences in the various gas qualities is outside the scope of this report. For more information on the various gas qualities the webpage of Swedish Gas Technology Centre, www.sgc.se, is recommended. In this report the Swedish standard for vehicle gas has been used as a target quality [12], more specific the type A quality. The major properties are summarized in Table 1. The motor octane number is determined using calculations as per ISO 15403 [13]. The problem with using this definition in this case is the hydrogen content. The standard does not take into account any hydrogen content in the gas. An alternative method is to use the definition in SAE 922359 [14]. However, also this expression has been developed without hydrogen in the gas and even though it may be used for determining the motor octane number in this case, its validity may be questioned for the gas mixture at hand. Therefore, the motor octane number has not been reported for the case study although they are within range of that specified in ISO 15403. 16 Svenskt Gastekniskt Center AB, Malmö – www.sgc.se
SGC Rapport 2013:277 Table 1. Summary of gas quality used in the project Property Unit Energy content expressed as lower Wobbe index (MJ/m 3 ) 44.7-46.4 Motor octane number MON 130 Dew point 5 degrees below the lowest daily average monthly temperature Water content (mg/m 3 ) 32 Inert gas (max vol-%) 4% Oxygen content (max vol-%) 1% Sulphur (mg/m 3 ) 23 Nitrogen compounds (mg/m 3 ) 20 Svenskt Gastekniskt Center AB, Malmö – www.sgc.se 17
Page 1 and 2: SGC Rapport 2013:277 Carbon dioxide
Page 3 and 4: CARBON DIOXIDE REMOVAL IN INDIRECT
Page 5 and 6: SGC Rapport 2013:277 Svenskt Gastek
Page 7 and 8: Authors’ foreword SGC Rapport 201
Page 9 and 10: Sammanfattning SGC Rapport 2013:277
Page 11 and 12: SGC Rapport 2013:277 Figur S.2b San
Page 13 and 14: SGC Rapport 2013:277 4.2.3 Chilled
Page 15 and 16: SGC Rapport 2013:277 2 Production o
Page 17: SGC Rapport 2013:277 Figure 1. Hald
Page 21 and 22: SGC Rapport 2013:277 Figure 3. Sche
Page 23 and 24: SGC Rapport 2013:277 This category
Page 25 and 26: SGC Rapport 2013:277 3.1.3 Entraine
Page 27 and 28: SGC Rapport 2013:277 3.2 Gas impuri
Page 29 and 30: SGC Rapport 2013:277 of tar removal
Page 31 and 32: SGC Rapport 2013:277 Figure 11. Pos
Page 33 and 34: SGC Rapport 2013:277 4 CO2-capture
Page 35 and 36: SGC Rapport 2013:277 saturated with
Page 37 and 38: SGC Rapport 2013:277 The use of a p
Page 39 and 40: SGC Rapport 2013:277 brane systems
Page 41 and 42: SGC Rapport 2013:277 5 Models In th
Page 43 and 44: SGC Rapport 2013:277 then saturated
Page 45 and 46: SGC Rapport 2013:277 temperature pr
Page 47 and 48: SGC Rapport 2013:277 The amount of
Page 49 and 50: SGC Rapport 2013:277 Table 6. Gas c
Page 51 and 52: SGC Rapport 2013:277 Figure 23a. MI
Page 53 and 54: SGC Rapport 2013:277 Table 10. Gas
Page 55 and 56: SGC Rapport 2013:277 Table 12. Gas
Page 57 and 58: SGC Rapport 2013:277 Table 14b. Gas
Page 59 and 60: SGC Rapport 2013:277 overall biomas
Page 61 and 62: Amount absorbed of ingoing moleflow
Page 63 and 64: SGC Rapport 2013:277 of LPG additio
Page 65 and 66: SGC Rapport 2013:277 8 Conclusions
Page 67 and 68: SGC Rapport 2013:277 10 Literature
Page 69 and 70:
SGC Rapport 2013:277 40. Mumford, K
Page 71 and 72:
SGC Rapport 2013:277 73. Klingspor,
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