RURAL BANGLADESH - PreventionWeb

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PRA Participatory Rural Appraisal PRSP Poverty Reduction Strategy Paper RBM Results-based Management RMP Road Maintenance Programme TANGO Technical Assistance to NGOs International TBA Traditional Birth Attendant TNC Training & Nutrition Centre TOR Terms of Reference UNDP United Nations Development Programme UNICEF United Nations Children’s Fund UNO Upazila Nirbahi Officer UP Union Parishad VAM Vulnerability, Analysis & Mapping Unit VGD Vulnerability Group Development WFP World Food Program WHO World Health Organization vii
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY This socio-economic profiling study was commissioned to provide WFP with a more indepth and robust analysis of socio-economic and livelihood indicators in order to confirm existing geographic targeting and more precisely target communities and types of households in the new WFP Country Programme. This study should be understood in the context of recent rapid change in rural Bangladesh, which has made great strides in food production, public health, family planning, and education in recent years. Nevertheless, a large proportion of the population continues to endure an annual struggle for survival. Almost half of the population live in absolute poverty and malnutrition continues to impact children profoundly. Unique factors influence food availability and access in rural Bangladesh. Despite rapid gains in national food availability and near food self-sufficiency, many rural households, particularly households lacking access to land and diversified livelihood opportunities, remain food insecure. Food insecurity is also linked to low income levels. The ability of the poorest households – the hard-core or ‘invisible’ poor – to purchase food is limited by their insufficient incomes. One of the major themes of this study is that despite the progress toward alleviating food insecurity at the national level, the relatively large group of extremely poor or ‘invisible poor’ rural households do not participate in virtually any aspect of the movement toward development and are falling further behind other groups of households. Objectives of the Socio-economic Profiles The overall purpose of the study was to develop a socio-economic profile of WFP’s six priority rural areas of Bangladesh based on a logical framework of the linkages between food security, nutritional status, livelihoods, and socio-economic indicators. The study sought to characterise major issues and causes of food security and food insecurity; identify the poorest and most food insecure communities and households within the six priority rural areas of the country, shed light on the coping strategies of poor households vulnerable to transitory food insecurity, develop analytical indicators for measuring food insecurity and targeting beneficiary selection criteria for the country programme 2007-2010, and provide recommendations on potential interventions to realize improved livelihoods, enhanced food security, and modified safety nets targeting the ultra poor. Methodology of the Study In order to triangulate information and develop an in-depth analysis of socio-economic profiles a combination of data collection were utilized: ♦ A review of secondary data and literature; ♦ Qualitative community profiles of 22 villages evenly spread throughout the six WFP priority zones, based on: o Key informant interviews; o Focus group discussions with separate community groups of men and women; o Coping strategies exercise aimed at identifying the frequency and severity of major coping strategies employed during times of shocks; and a o Wealth ranking exercise; viii
Page 2 and 3: RURAL BANGLADESH SOCIO-ECONOMIC PRO
Page 4 and 5: ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS This socioeconomic
Page 6 and 7: Bibliography 97-99 TABLES & FIGURES
Page 8 and 9: Table 51 Dietary Diversity by House
Page 12 and 13: ♦ ♦ ♦ Household survey of 2,7
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Page 18 and 19: RECOMMENDATIONS The following recom
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Page 22 and 23: Methodology II METHODOLOGY The asse
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