RURAL BANGLADESH - PreventionWeb

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Socioeconomic Profile Findings Variations are significant when the data is disaggregated by socioeconomic class. More than a quarter of the non-vulnerable households use wood as the primary source of cooking fuel whereas more than 90 percent of the invisible poor use straw, plant residuals, rice chaff or plant twigs. 2.6 ASSETS The household asset base is an important component of physical capital and serves as a key indicator in profiling livelihoods. This study found asset ownership to be highly correlated with income and food security indicators. An asset ownership variable was used as one of the key variables in creating socioeconomic groups. The study examined a number of different categories of assets, including livestock, household appliances, land, transportation, as well as other productive and non-productive assets. Figure 13 and Table 20 present the value of assets owned by survey households. As expected, the number and value of assets owned by the households are functions of their socioeconomic status. The value of non-vulnerable household assets is approximately 95 times more than that of the invisible poor (8,676,000 Taka compared to 91,000 Taka). Nonvulnerable households own more than 270 decimals of functional land for cultivation, while the mean area of land owned by the invisible poor is only 34 decimals. Similarly, nonvulnerable households own an average of five livestock while the invisible poor on average own only two. In addition to land and livestock, non-vulnerable households also own significantly greater numbers and value of other productive assets (mean value 74 thousand Taka, compared to two thousand Taka worth of other productive assets owned by invisible poor households). Figure 13: Total Value of Household Assets % of Households 10000 8000 6000 4000 2000 0 Total Value of Assets (in '000 Bangladeshi Taka) Non Vulnerable On-the-edge Vulnerable Invisible Poor Household Socioeconomic Class The value of assets owned by female-headed households is approximately two-thirds the value of assets owned by male-headed households (1,486,000 Taka vs. 2,210,000 Taka). Female-headed households also own smaller areas of land, fewer numbers of livestock and fewer numbers of other productive and unproductive assets compared to male-headed households. As measured by land access and ownership of productive assets, female-headed households across the six zones are amongst the most vulnerable households in rural Bangladesh. 47
Socioeconomic Profiles of WFP Operational Areas and Beneficiaries Table 20: Household ownership of Assets by Socioeconomic Status (values are in '000' Bangladeshi Taka) HH socioeconomic status Asset type Non Vulnerable 2 3 Most Vulnerable Mean N Mean N Mean N Mean N Land Unproductive assets Communication assets Household appliances Livestock Other productive assets Boat Transport Total asset 832.72 (1080.6) 18.28 (61.4) 6.37 (6.1) 6.16 (8.0) 17.86 (20.51) 73.89 (258.3) 6.26 (8.5) 8.48 (21.0) 402 414 80 272 370 393 30 204 8675.88 (12635.3) 414 Standard deviation is reported in parenthesis 188.73 (240.0) 2.79 (4.8) 3.04 (1.3) 1.87 (2.1) 9.74 (11.6) 11.76 (44.7) 5.01 (9.0) 2.10 (4.4) Table 21 presents livestock, poultry and bicycle ownership by household socioeconomic status. Besides land, livestock, poultry, and bicycles represent the most essential productive assets in rural Bangladesh. More than 85 percent of vulnerable households do not own any cattle, 88 percent do not own small ruminants, and nearly half of the vulnerable households do not own any poultry. In contrast, more than six out of every 10 non-vulnerable households own at least one head of cattle and over half non-vulnerable households own two cattle or more, almost four out of 10 own at least one goat or sheep, and approximately 87 percent of the non vulnerable households own poultry. Livestock provide households with critical hedge against shocks or emergencies. Community groups complained about the lack of grazing land or fodder availability and poor veterinary services, hampering their ability to retain livestock. Bicycles are important and relatively affordable means of transport in rural Bangladesh, allowing households to market their products. Approximately 86 percent of the vulnerable households do not own a bicycle whereas more than half of the non-vulnerable households own at least one bicycle. Bicycle ownership is most rare in the CHT, which is characterised by hills and relatively few roads, and is rare as well as in the island of Bhola. In contrast, more than one-third of the Northwest households own at least one bicycle. 48 905 64.27 (122.8) 273 989 1.53 (3.0) 853 31.68 (51.7) 0.79 (0.94) 36 2.60 (1.3) 6 0 0 297 1.0 (1.4) 93 853 5.06 (7.6) 664 889 1758.68 (3971.6) 993 3.79 (11.6) 709 47 5.84 (9.3) 26 248 2.13 (2.6) 135 494.71 (1665.2) 855 1.04 (1.2) 2.78 (5.3) 2.17 (4.74) 1.50 (0.5) 4.28 (12.3) 90.53 (348.4) 273 388 20 244 284 6 32 393
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RURAL BANGLADESH SOCIO-ECONOMIC PRO
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ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS This socioeconomic
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Bibliography 97-99 TABLES & FIGURES
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Table 51 Dietary Diversity by House
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PRA Participatory Rural Appraisal P
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♦ ♦ ♦ Household survey of 2,7
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households, who farmed on seven tim
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