RURAL BANGLADESH - PreventionWeb

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Socioeconomic Profile Findings ♦ Oil and fat products, spices, and green leafy vegetables are also consumed regularly by virtually all households, although green vegetables are normally consumed no more than as part of one meal a day. ♦ Unlike other households, half of invisible poor households consumed staples 14 or fewer times in seven days, suggesting that they only ate two meals a day (which will be confirmed below in analysing meal frequency). ♦ Almost four of every 10 invisible poor households (39 percent) do not consume fish and almost half (47 percent) do not consume lentils, the two most common and essential sources of protein in rural Bangladesh. Half of the invisible poor consume fish four or fewer times in seven days. In contrast, 94 and 98 percent of non-vulnerable households and 84 and 90 percent of on-the-edge households consume lentils and fish regularly. The vast majority of non-vulnerable households eat fish every day, at least during the time of the survey in late June-early July. ♦ Increased availability of fruits in the market does not translate into increased consumption of fruits by the poor. More than 80 percent of the invisible poor and 72 percent of vulnerable households had consumed no fruits during the survey week even though the survey was conducted during the peak fruit season of the country when a wide variety of fruit is plentiful and the cost is low. Half of the vulnerable and invisible poor households consumed fruits only twice during the course of the week. In contrast, more than nine of every 10 non-vulnerable household had consumed fruits. ♦ Meat consumption is extremely unusual for the invisible poor (only six percent) and vulnerable households (12 percent); more than three-quarters of non vulnerable households consumed meat in the previous seven days. ♦ Although a large proportion of vulnerable and invisible poor households consume green leafy vegetables (as noted above), consumption of all other types of vegetables was limited to only 56 and 58 percent respectively and is consumed with only half the frequency found in non-vulnerable households. ♦ Non-vulnerable households can readily afford milk and dairy products (81 percent) and eggs (82 percent); in contrast few invisible poor and vulnerable households consumed these food groups in the previous seven days – 11 and 17 percent of the invisible poor consumed milk & dairy products and eggs respectively. Dietary Diversity: An essential aspect of food security, dietary diversity is clearly problematic for the poorest households in the WFP programming zones and should constitute a targeting indicator for food security programming. Dietary diversity refers to nutrient adequacy, defined here as a diet that meets the minimum requirements for energy and all essential nutrients. The rationale for using dietary diversity as an indicator for dietary quality stems primarily from a concern related to nutrient deficiency and the recognition of the importance of increasing food and food group variety to ensure nutrient adequacy. Lack of dietary diversity is clearly a particularly severe problem afflicting the poorest households in Bangladesh, whose diets are predominantly based on starchy staples and rarely include animal products and few fresh fruits and vegetables, as we noted above. Table 51 presents dietary diversity results by household socioeconomic status, encapsulating the food group analysis presented in table 51. All of the non-vulnerable households and more than eight of every 10 on-the-edge household consume more than eight food group items. In contrast only seven percent of the invisible poor consume more than eight items and more than two-thirds of the invisible poor consume two to seven food group items. More than two-thirds of vulnerable households consume fewer than nine items. The average 85
Socioeconomic Profiles of WFP Operational Areas and Beneficiaries number of food items consumed by the invisible poor is less than seven. Non-vulnerable households on the other hand consume more than 12 different food group items a week on average. Diet diversity differences amongst households are profound in rural Bangladesh and offer a powerful targeting indicator. Table 51: Dietary Diversity by Household Socioeconomic Status % within HH socio economic status Two to seven items Eight items Nine items and more N % within WFP priority zone Two to seven items Eight items Nine items and more N Number of Food Groups Acquired in a Week HH socio economic status Non vulnerable 2 3 .0% 3.6% 40.1% 67.8% 25.0% .0% 16.2% 29.1% 24.8% 19.2% 100.0% 80.2% 30.8% 7.4% 55.8% 414 993 858 396 2661 Number of Food Groups Acquired in a Week 86 Most vulnerable WFP priority zone CHT Coastal Drought N/W Char Haor Total Total 17.9% 35.6% 24.7% 18.1% 30.9% 24.3% 25.0% 17.4% 20.6% 17.0% 15.2% 22.7% 20.9% 19.2% 64.7% 43.8% 58.4% 66.7% 46.4% 54.7% 55.8% 448 441 442 442 444 444 2661 Disaggregated data also suggest substantial regional variation in food consumption patterns. More than 80 percent of Haor and CHT households had consumed vegetables during the previous seven days while less than one-third of Coastal households had consumed vegetables. Fruit consumption is also much less frequent in the Coastal zone – only 28 percent, compared to 61 and 57 percent respectively in the Northwest and CHT. Coastal households tend to consume more lentils however (91 percent). Almost half of the CHT households (49 percent) had consumed meat in the previous seven days. Meat consumption is far rarer in the Coastal zone, where less than a quarter (23 percent) of had consumed meat. An important component of the rural Bangladesh diet, fish consumption is common across the regions, particularly in the Haor (95 percent) and Northwest (84 percent). Dietary diversity patterns vary only slightly across the region. Char and Coastal diet diversity lags behind the other zones. In addition, disaggregated data indicates that maleheaded households consume a substantially more diverse diet than do female-headed households. Approximately half of female-headed households eat only two to seven food group items while more than three-quarters of male-headed households consume at least eight items. Male-headed households eat an average of 9.2 food group items, compared to 8.1 items consumed on average by female-headed households.
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RURAL BANGLADESH SOCIO-ECONOMIC PRO
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ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS This socioeconomic
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Bibliography 97-99 TABLES & FIGURES
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Table 51 Dietary Diversity by House
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PRA Participatory Rural Appraisal P
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♦ ♦ ♦ Household survey of 2,7
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households, who farmed on seven tim
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Water & Sanitation: Up to 97% of ru
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RECOMMENDATIONS The following recom
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Socio-Economic Profiles of WFP Oper
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Methodology II METHODOLOGY The asse
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Methodology A list of the qualitati
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Methodology d. Wealth Ranking Exerc
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Livelihoods in Rural Bangladesh: A
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