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Socioeconomic Profile Findings 12 percent respectively) of children in the Coastal and Haor regions attend the Madrasha system. Table 10: Type of school by WFP Priority Zone % within WFP priority zone Govt. school Private school NGO run school Madrasha N 1.4 HEALTH % within WFP priority zone Long-term illness Short-term illness Disabled Both Good N Type of school WFP priority zone CHT Coastal Drought N/W Char Haor Total 40.2% 57.7% 44.8% 41.6% 46.6% 53.4% 47.1% 39.9% 22.9% 36.6% 41.4% 37.3% 26.5% 35.0% 16.3% 5.0% 9.1% 8.7% 7.8% 8.2% 8.3% 3.6% 14.4% 9.5% 8.3% 8.2% 11.9% 9.6% 694 700 484 551 549 539 3517 Almost 80 percent of the population aged 15 years and above consider themselves to be in good health. The one zone reporting relatively low health status was the Coastal region, where 64 percent of adults reported good health. On the other hand, in the Drought-prone region almost 90 percent reported being in good health. (This difference is statistically significant.) Approximately seven percent of individuals have reported a long-term illness (defined as being ill for more than three months). Health status is apparently lagging in the Coastal region, which reported the highest rate of long-term illness – 10 percent of the population – as well as the highest proportion of short term illnesses (nearly 15 percent) Table 11: Health Status of members aged 15 and above by WFP Priority Zone Health status of household members WFP priority zone CHT Coastal Drought N/W Char Haor 7.8% 10.0% 5.0% 5.4% 8.5% 6.7% 7.3% 8.8% 14.4% 5.3% 4.6% 11.5% 5.8% 8.6% .1% .6% .4% .6% .6% .5% .5% .1% 10.7% .4% 1.7% 4.3% 12.6% 4.9% 83% 64.4% 89.0% 87.7% 75.1% 74.5% 78.7% 1391 1443 1268 1303 1318 1213 7936 Women reported higher rates of long-term illness than their male counterparts. More than 68 percent of those ill for more than three months are elderly (defined as more than 40 years old). A larger proportion of invisible poor households (56 percent) suffered from illness within two weeks prior to the survey, compared to relatively non-vulnerable households (48 percent). The Chi-squared value of 60367.43 is statistically significant, indicating a relationship between household vulnerability and illness. This is significant as well, given 37 Total
Socioeconomic Profiles of WFP Operational Areas and Beneficiaries the lack of confidence in the quality of health services offered at the village level, a theme that arose in the community focus group discussions. Most communities are served by satellite clinics (surjer hashi), which offer vaccination services and birth control facilities for women but virtually no medicines. Most villagers must travel to the upazila headquarters to visit health centres or further to see a MBBS doctor and avail hospital facilities. The quality of health care is quite dependent on socioeconomic status; vulnerable and poor households often cannot afford essential health care. Most communities are served by at least one village doctor (who often resides in a nearby village) and as well often by a folk healer and a kabiraj 2 Sex . Survey participants ranked village doctors as the most popular health provider (45 percent) followed by general health practitioner or doctor (23 percent), and village pharmacy (13 percent). Only nine percent of people reported going to the Upazila Health Complex in the event of a sickness and another nine percent of individuals reported that they sought services from a rural dispensary or satellite clinic. Village doctors or general health practitioners are not necessarily less expensive alternatives (in fact they can be relatively expensive); instead these health practices indicate lack of confidence in the health services provided by the government (as discussed above). Figure 8: Use of Health Providers by Socioeconomic Class % of Households 60 50 40 30 20 10 0 Medicine store Confidence in health providers varies significantly across the regions. Char dwellers and Northwest residents tend to seek health services from village doctors (57 and 54 percent respectively) while people in the Chittagong Hill Tracts prefer to visit General Health Practitioners (39 percent) followed by medicine stores (30 percent). Failure to access quality institutionalized health care services has increased the dependence on traditional doctors or folk healers – baidya or kabiraj. 2 Indigenous practitioner on herbal medicines Figure 7: Illness in past 2 weeks by Sex % 38 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 0 Yes No Illness in past 2 weeks Male Female Use of Health Providers by Socioeconomic Class General health practitioner Up-zilla Health Complex Rural Dispensary/ Satellite Clinic Village doctor Homeopath/ Kabiraz Health Service Providers Non Vulnerable On-the-edge Vulnerable Invisible Poor Self treatment
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RURAL BANGLADESH SOCIO-ECONOMIC PRO
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ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS This socioeconomic
Page 6 and 7: Bibliography 97-99 TABLES & FIGURES
Page 8 and 9: Table 51 Dietary Diversity by House
Page 10 and 11: PRA Participatory Rural Appraisal P
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