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liberation struggle against European colonization . It illustrates the types of revolt that African people have waged, spiced with interpretive comments to probe the meaning of the revolts . James writes "The African bruises and breaks himself against his bars in the interest of freedom wider than his own" (p . 100) . Brother James has focused on the Pan-African revolt to demonstrate that world revolution of tomorrow is inextricably connected with the African struggle today . He is quick with insight, as a man who works within a clearly defined ideological framework, although he chooses not to clarify the theoretical notions guiding his analysis. This work is clearly a primer for historical understanding, because James limits himself to analysis by illustration rather than comprehensive coverage of all relevant events and actions . There are several questions that must be raised in order to focus in on basic issues . The first question is about the meaning of Pan-African . After calling the U.N.LA . "pitiable rubbish," Brother James says of Garvey : "He made the American Negro conscious of his African origin and created for the first time a feeling of international solidarity among Africans and people of African descent" (p . 82) . But earlier he wrote of Black people in America : "There is no question here as in Africa of alien civilizations . The American Negro, in language, tradition, and culture is an American ." Viewed after the revelation of the 1960's, we must question this conclusion because recent research has documented the viable cultural basis of a Black reality . African people are the same people all over this planet . A second major question has to do with the study of Pan-African action . James suggests several important in- 52 (Continued on page 911 gredients for this type of analysis. He clearly sees the need to analyze particular events within the life of the colonial nation, but carefully includes the necessity of examining the metropolitan country as well as Pan- African action within other colonial settings . He correctly places the revolt of Santo Domingo within the context of revolt in France, as well as the internal dynamics of the island, " . . 1789 is a landmark in the history of Negro revolt in the West Indies . The only successful Negro revolt, the only successful slave revolt in history, had its roots in the French Revolution, and without the French Revolution its success would have been impossible ." The early experience of slave revolt in the United States gives a good example of how Black struggle has been a part of the changing forms of western capitalism, how Black struggle in the Caribbean islands (e .g ., correspondence between Denmark Vesey and Haiti), and how the internal contradictions of western powers have been exploited by the slaves' need for support . But it is clear that James is working with categories that have been generated by revolution in the West . He is concerned with how closely the African basis of social organization for struggle approximates the European prolatariat, or merely the extension of a native bourgeoisie . This question is central to what constitutes the correct road to revolution, according to what James calls "fundamental laws of revolution ." James appears not to be totally restricted by ideological doctrine, and suggests that so long as something is organized for the people against their oppression, to that extent it is progressive . He suggests that whatever Black organization can articulate concrete grievances of the people, demands March 1970 NEGRO DIGEST
Fiction What went on around 18th and Wabash had nothing to do with Boy Scouting, and old redconked Jake was the kind of cop u;ho preferred Boy Scouts ~~,'~~;~ E HAD just finished a bottle of white port and kool-aid in a dark corner of a hallway and moved out onto the baseball field . "Do it to me one time!" Cody sped the ball toward me . My palms burned as the cowhide slammed against my skin. I quickly stepped forward and fired the ball to Juicy at first . He whupped it to Cheetah at the mound . Blue stepped up to the plate and NEGRO DIGEST March 1970 BY E . VAN HIGGS swung the bat slicing the air supersonic-like . "Lemme see duh mutha, bout heah!" He indicated chest high . Blue wuz a hulking mass of blueblack flesh who dipped low on the right side as he slewfooted it on down the street . He wuz an expert at baseball and head whupping. And he wuz no shortstop . Being with the nigga wuz a mixture of fear and love . He wuz walking terror . I dont know how many heads he whupped other than mine, but 53
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1YIARCH tliBB A JOtiNSaN rl7"LICATI
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CONTENTS The Blacli University The
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Kwame Nkrumah compares the colonial
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deficiency is not sa much a shortco
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are we here? We were sent here to l
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acial group with rites and loyaltie
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might well be that, to meet the nee
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A distinguished young educator from
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come to accept the judgment . Conse
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ditional knowledge required for the
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Faculty, Curriculum, Research . . .
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passive role and assumed that the e
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ante is formidable is obvious to an
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Social Change in the Sixties THE BL
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trends in the black community to sh
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ployment rate for black youth betwe
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For Our People - Everywhere "By far
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analogues for possible study . ) We
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World publication of the Caribbean,
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NEGRO DIGEST March 1968 39
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NEGRO DIGEST March 1968 4 1
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make Howard "sixty per cent white"
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Simultaneously there arose a hybrid
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NEGRO DIGEST March 1968 In the days
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A Call To Concerned Black Educators
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BOOK "Great Literature i.s simply l
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the members of Miss Brooks' worksho
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BY CHRISTINE REAMS ' . . . Ifo .sat
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as Mike and Jim dashed down the ste
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"Oh, my hair i~ so curly, so curly
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one of them a good whipping, no mat
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a while . I didn't know what she me
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Since sufficient teachers cannot be
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NEW PROGRAMS AND EXPERIMENTATION Th
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TRUSTEES If I seem indifferent to t
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years when '`Christian character an
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leaders and professors posing as mi
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out of "The Punch Out" and other st
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penniless writer, he travels the ga
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No doubt about it, Mr . Williams ca
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esearch crying for the kind of clar
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lightly as Western intellectual imp
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as a white man with a similar educa
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lacks are better off, but we must a
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income blacks and better for the mi
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compared to white men had not impro
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"iON ONYE LOCKARD is a selftaught a
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Plea ForA Second Chance : Work-worn
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That something is gravely wrong wit
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THE DUKE NATURAL SET MAlR SHEEN lea
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Edgar F . Beck Vincent Hard min E .
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C®i'y~'>~' i'tw'~'~ Editor's Notes
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An Open Letter to Black Students in
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mentarily bolstered (or our minds m
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plications of such attitudes as you
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7 . Have you given serious thought
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of white institutions that there si
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Platform and Program S HL "Today we
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ism, and we are becoming aware that
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New agencies for Black education (A
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ment of a plan to hire 200 Black pr
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people in their struggle toward a c
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else suggests that the group is bac
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e established far Black students th
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A Dual Responsibility The White Uni
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a situation in a different manner w
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Black Perspective A cU~TU~~L, ~~~I~
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life-style, yet they persist in the
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plex (a viable institution in that
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The Positiveness of Separation BL~C
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white students are, except that wha
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did) to thesis students who then gr
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Roach, Harold Cruse, Rhody Mc- Coy,
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conferees attempted to eject white
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~. iii1~i-i Black Life, White "Expe
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BOOKS Black Writing : this is u, th
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Grow old? Maan! I ain't never Gonna
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answering ; "Monday. That is if tha
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at a time when the ratio of Negro d
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A Special Experience xox .a~, xi .:
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to comment that I was a typical cre
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students said, "Didn't Malcolm prea
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What I did object to was the effort
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with American education, period. Ho
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President Emeritus, Morehouse Colle
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them, there just aren't enough blac
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I cannot see the sponsorship for su
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economic changes now occurring with
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aising a question regarding in exac
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to say that "yet an irreverent revi
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Fire ; steal it, borrow it or wait
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lures and yet, in a most interestin
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and what is the right procedure for
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mentioned earlier, the whole black
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(C) Consistency of Thought and Acti
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J. .JICLCfj ._Jd .L'~ .FU~~e ; one
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must carry a greater sexual burden
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C.~e~or 3 l /ot~e3-- (Continued fro
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and that prepares them to deal effe
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THE DUKE NATURAL S ET EASY COMB let
Page 202 and 203: BLACK HISTORY BLACK POWER U .S .A .
Page 204 and 205: ~re~atorc~ ~o~e~- THE BLACK UNIVERS
Page 206 and 207: "1lTew Creation or Familiar Deatla"
Page 208 and 209: contradictions they entail . Furthe
Page 210 and 211: As northern universities continue t
Page 212 and 213: Response to Vincent Harding 12 BY R
Page 214 and 215: was then running for the state asse
Page 216 and 217: e done without some base of support
Page 218 and 219: amount of emphasis-both in Bro . Mo
Page 220 and 221: m~,irofir_- ~r- ir;r_ rr_~,~r; v;~~
Page 222 and 223: Institute of the Black World : Basi
Page 224 and 225: In Chicago, movement toward the Bla
Page 226 and 227: olled . At this time, over 400 stud
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Page 230 and 231: Educating For Liberation and Humani
Page 232 and 233: travel to the moon a routine miracl
Page 234 and 235: Step 2-A deliberate effort is made
Page 236 and 237: curriculum and philosophy, is in a
Page 238 and 239: 38 Charlie Cobb, one of the key org
Page 240 and 241: Initial organizing efforts proved q
Page 242 and 243: 1 . Independent African Civilizatio
Page 244 and 245: fl Position Paper CENTER FOR BLACK
Page 246 and 247: standards and values that commit ou
Page 248 and 249: "Ah thought he could be grateful fo
Page 250 and 251: Gray Ward . . . Historian Benjamin
Page 254 and 255: his reputation tramped in front of
Page 256 and 257: "Naw, the cash draw wuz clean, but
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Page 260 and 261: elative to other areas in Californi
Page 262 and 263: power to purge when necessary . Qui
Page 264 and 265: all of those persons who are not on
Page 266 and 267: Broken down, here is how I see this
Page 268 and 269: ,~ ~ ~z~srlvr~ ¢e° (Continued fro
Page 270 and 271: tion. (This would not exempt the ex
Page 272 and 273: ~omrrcurtiverdiEc~- (Continued from
Page 274 and 275: Each community will select/elect a
Page 276 and 277: ing the amount of ivory tower energ
Page 278 and 279: Before this issue can be systematic
Page 280 and 281: of a positive identity with whom th
Page 282 and 283: This paradigm was to provide the fo
Page 284 and 285: lion statements and social studies
Page 286 and 287: s Wilcox, Preston . The Black Unive
Page 288 and 289: An Assessment ~la~k t~ ~~ ~ ~ i~ ~u
Page 290 and 291: and compartmentalization . We canno
Page 292 and 293: lishment. Drum and Spear Press is a
Page 294 and 295: ~erepecEive~- On writers and writin
Page 296 and 297: will make available $100 cash prize
Page 298 and 299: But times and the world have change
Page 300: Mod, Modish and Militant Keeling on
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