Strabismus - Fundamentals of Clinical Ophthalmology.pdf
Strabismus - Fundamentals of Clinical Ophthalmology.pdf
Strabismus - Fundamentals of Clinical Ophthalmology.pdf
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INDEX<br />
ptosis see ptosis<br />
recession 89<br />
eye movements 10–11<br />
abduction/adduction 10, 11<br />
assessment 12, 64–6, 68, 69<br />
see also specific tests<br />
childhood disorders 43–5<br />
evolution 11<br />
functions 12, 12<br />
Hering’s law and 49, 50, 66<br />
maturation 18<br />
newborn infants 18<br />
nystagmus see nystagmus<br />
oculomotor control 11–13, 12<br />
saccades see saccades<br />
smooth pursuit see smooth pursuit<br />
types 11, 12<br />
vergence see vergence<br />
see also cranial nerves; extraocular muscles<br />
eye patches 71, 71<br />
facial diplegia 37, 37<br />
Faden procedure 81–2, 82, 84<br />
fixation 11<br />
cross-fixation 24–5, 27<br />
functions 12<br />
visual acuity testing 60, 60–1<br />
forced duction test 50, 67<br />
forced preferential looking 61<br />
Foster screen 67, 67<br />
fourth cranial nerve 9<br />
muscle innervation 10<br />
palsy 38, 53<br />
acute diplopia 54<br />
children 81<br />
decompensation 17<br />
head posture 53<br />
management 80, 81<br />
neurogenic 85<br />
pointer test 66, 67<br />
traumatic 40<br />
V pattern 53, 85<br />
Fresnel prisms 74, 74<br />
functional esotropia 31<br />
fundus examination 49<br />
fusion<br />
absence <strong>of</strong> 19<br />
assessment 62–3<br />
Worth 4-dot test 62, 63<br />
downgaze 89<br />
esotropia without fusion potential 31<br />
loss <strong>of</strong> 17, 49<br />
see also diplopia<br />
gaze, positions <strong>of</strong> 10<br />
genetic factors<br />
congenital (infantile) esotropia 24<br />
congenital fibrosis syndrome 41<br />
family history 57<br />
glasses see spectacle correction<br />
globe perforation 89<br />
granuloma, suture 89<br />
“hang back” sutures 81, 82<br />
thyroid eye disease 51<br />
Harada–Ito technique 49, 80<br />
superior oblique underaction 85, 86<br />
head injury<br />
adult strabismus 48<br />
diplopia 16, 49<br />
head posture (abnormal)<br />
adult strabismus 48, 53<br />
Brown’s syndrome 78<br />
Ciancia syndrome 27<br />
clinical examination importance 59, 59, 66<br />
congenital nystagmus 43<br />
differential diagnosis 66<br />
Duane syndrome 75, 76<br />
fourth nerve palsy 53, 80<br />
strabismus fixus 78<br />
head tilt tests 50, 66<br />
Bielschowsky’s 38, 39, 40<br />
Hering’s law 49, 50, 66<br />
Hess tangent screen 67<br />
Hirschberg corneal light reflex test 64, 64<br />
history taking 48, 57–9, 75<br />
“horror fusions” 15–16, 19<br />
Huber classification 36<br />
hydrocephalus esotropia 31<br />
hypermetropia<br />
acquired esotropia 28, 30<br />
near reflex and 4<br />
hypertelorism 5<br />
hypertension, sixth nerve palsy 53, 53, 87<br />
hypotropia 85<br />
iatrogenic aetiologies<br />
deprivation amblyopia 24, 72<br />
97