Strabismus - Fundamentals of Clinical Ophthalmology.pdf

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Contents Preface to the Fundamentals of Clinical Ophthalmology series Preface Acknowledgements Foreword vii ix xi xiii SECTION I: NEUROPHYSIOLOGICAL SUBSTRATE FOR BINOCULAR VISION AND STRABISMUS 1 1 Concepts in strabismus 3 Normal binocular vision 3 Strabismus 3 The near reflex 3 Monofixation syndrome and microstrabismus 4 Incomitant and concomitant strabismus 4 A and V patterns 4 Amblyopia 5 2 A simple reflex model of normal binocular vision 7 Introduction 7 Sensory arc (visual pathway) 7 Integration components of normal binocular vision 8 Motor arc 9 3 Consequences of breakdown of binocular vision 14 Introduction 14 Sequelae of strabismus in the immature visual system (children) 14 v
CONTENTS Sequelae of strabismus in the mature visual system (adults) 15 Significance of strabismus with loss of fusion in the adult 16 Relevant clinical conclusions 17 SECTION II: STRABISMUS IN THE DECADES OF LIFE 21 4 Childhood onset of strabismus 23 Amblyopia 23 “Concomitant” strabismus 24 Incomitant strabismus 36 Other eye movement disorders – associations with strabismus 43 5 Adult strabismus 47 Introduction 47 Strabismus of childhood origin in the adult 47 Adult onset of strabismus 48 SECTION III: MANAGEMENT OF STRABISMUS 55 6 Assessment of strabismus 57 The infant and preverbal child 57 Assessment in the older child and the adult 68 7 Therapy of strabismus 70 Non-surgical therapy 70 Surgical therapy 75 Management of specific strabismus syndromes 75 Sequelae and complications of strabismus surgery 86 Glossary 91 Index 93 vi
Page 1 and 2: Fundamentals of Clinical Ophthalmol
Page 3 and 4: Fundamentals of Clinical Ophthalmol
Page 5: © BMJ Books 2003 BMJ Books is an i
Page 10: Preface This book has been written
Page 13 and 14: Foreword We should welcome the fine
Page 15: Section I Neurophysiological substr
Page 18 and 19: STRABISMUS dim reflex whereas the m
Page 20 and 21: STRABISMUS compared to the image on
Page 22 and 23: STRABISMUS Chiasm ON LGN ON M LGN P
Page 24 and 25: STRABISMUS Table 2.1 Actions of the
Page 26 and 27: STRABISMUS Table 2.2 Types of eye m
Page 28 and 29: 3 Consequences of breakdown of bino
Page 30 and 31: STRABISMUS Bifoveal fusion Normal B
Page 32 and 33: STRABISMUS • Secondly, in the bin
Page 35 and 36: Section II Strabismus in the decade
Page 37 and 38: 4 Childhood onset of strabismus Chi
Page 39 and 40: CHILDHOOD ONSET OF STRABISMUS indic
Page 41 and 42: CHILDHOOD ONSET OF STRABISMUS (a) (
Page 43 and 44: CHILDHOOD ONSET OF STRABISMUS In ad
Page 45 and 46: CHILDHOOD ONSET OF STRABISMUS may b
Page 47 and 48: CHILDHOOD ONSET OF STRABISMUS retin
Page 51 and 52: CHILDHOOD ONSET OF STRABISMUS Figur
Page 55 and 56: Transient skew deviation CHILDHOOD
Page 57 and 58:
CHILDHOOD ONSET OF STRABISMUS add w
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CHILDHOOD ONSET OF STRABISMUS Spasm
Page 61 and 62:
5 Adult strabismus Introduction The
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ADULT STRABISMUS Case example An ad
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ADULT STRABISMUS patient presenting
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ADULT STRABISMUS such as in older p
Page 69:
Section III Management of strabismu
Page 72 and 73:
STRABISMUS ● the pattern of the a
Page 74 and 75:
STRABISMUS Figure 6.5 An example of
Page 76 and 77:
STRABISMUS Sensory evaluation - bin
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STRABISMUS Normal R L Normal binocu
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STRABISMUS torsional deviations can
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STRABISMUS (a) (b) (c) (d) Figure 6
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7 Therapy of strabismus Non-surgica
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STRABISMUS of the eye with good vis
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STRABISMUS other forms of non-surgi
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STRABISMUS (a) (b) (c) (d) (e) Figu
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STRABISMUS In attempting to elevate
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STRABISMUS drawn underneath the lat
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STRABISMUS Figure 7.7 Recession wit
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STRABISMUS MR MR LR LR LR LR MR MR
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STRABISMUS overacting in a V patter
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STRABISMUS more persistent diplopia
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STRABISMUS microscope. Inflammation
Page 106 and 107:
STRABISMUS Strabismus Malalignment
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INDEX surgical correction 83-6 see
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INDEX horizontal 54 “horror fusio
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INDEX esotropia 31, 31 monofixation
Page 114 and 115:
INDEX oculocutaneous albinism 43 oc
Page 116:
INDEX vertical muscle surgery 83-6,
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