The impersonal verb in Old Icelandic

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tyPD 1.291 B2f.i OONTENTS PAGE INTRO DUCTI ON 3 OLASSIFICATION OF IMPERSONAL VERB CONSTRUCTIGNS CLASS I Impersonal alone II Impersonal with direct ob ject or accusative [II Impersonal with indirect object or dative IV Impersonal with genitive V Impersonal with prepositional phrase VI Impersonal perhaps ( ambiguous cases) Oonclusion 10 18 21 36 40 52 58 SUBDIVISIONS FOR EACH CLASS EXCEPT VI (a) (b) (c) with a modal verb with the passive with a past participle not part of a passive or of a tense ( d) with a direct (usually second) obj ect ( e) with an indirect (usually sec ond) object. 2.
INTROruCTION This thesis is a study of the impersonal construction in Old Icelandic; that is, a study of verbs which have no personal. subject. In various Old Icelandic texts, vv-hich the author was studying for his Honours course in 1963, the frequency and typicality of impersQnal constructions was striking. They even appeared sometimes when the sense, at any rate to an Engli sh speaker, seemed to demand a personal subject. They seemed of sufficient individuality and interest to merit a formal study. Since the passive is often an alternative form for the impersonal, it was decided to include it in the study as well. For the orderly survey of these expressions a classification was necessary. At first sight a formal system with reference only to Icelandic appe ared best, because i t would appeal only to the Icelandic meaning without reference to English translation, and would thus not be sub ject to the vagaries of different translations. But on closer examination this cour se showed it self to be. impracticable , since there is very little readi ly available knowledge about precise Icelandic meanings and fine nuances of overtone. So the first classification was made, appealing to both Icelandic and English idiom, in other words, with reference 3
Page 1: THE IMPSRSONAL VERB IN OLD ICELJ'iN
Page 5 and 6: 5. thesis, then.. But seeing this w
Page 7 and 8: 7. below. Exactly the same sUbdivis
Page 9 and 10: NOTES 1. The selecti ons are from E
Page 11 and 12: 11. "Skal" implies more of modality
Page 13 and 14: 13. than as a modal verb; hence thi
Page 15 and 16: 15 • .I / Eigi parf langt fra pVl
Page 17 and 18: 17. Leif's Voyage (Flateyjarbokl: /
Page 19 and 20: ' •• at hann mundi fljotara r b
Page 21 and 22: 21. CLASS III CLASS III: Impersonal
Page 23 and 24: 23. • • eigi hlyddi honum at et
Page 25 and 26: 25. / / ) Munper verba amre1issamt
Page 27 and 28: 27. vlhen deciding on his ovm choic
Page 29 and 30: • • Ok sv'mikit sem honum p6tti
Page 31 and 32: 31 .. / Leif's Voyage (F1ateyjarbol
Page 33 and 34: 33. the distraction of a defi~ite d
Page 35 and 36: or !lAss H according as "Fanc;)' th
Page 37 and 38: 37 • vague than the focus Ilman!!
Page 39 and 40: the actior. of the passive verb or
Page 41 and 42: 41. make the verb passive. Var ~a /
Page 43 and 44: •• h versu .Lari ~ t h a f~' ul
Page 45 and 46: 45 • ./,/ (6) Ok lykr par fra Hra
Page 47 and 48: 47. unexpressed. Of. p.13, 1.283 (C
Page 49 and 50: 49. / Brerillu-Njals saga: . . at r
Page 51 and 52: 51. • • l bra monnum mj~k via p
Page 53 and 54:
or the article for "mein H .. I t i
Page 55 and 56:
55. is interesting to note that whi
Page 57 and 58:
impersonal and syn.ony.ms. liSkyi t
Page 59 and 60:
.::;o .-'J. ers 1" a setting mud as
Page 61 and 62:
61. / / / / Val' pa fari t upp a hu
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The impersonal verb in Old Icelandic

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